scholarly journals Combined Percutaneous Tracheostomy and Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tubes in COVID-19: A Prospective Series of Patient Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1346
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Oberg ◽  
Colleen Keyes ◽  
Tanmay S. Panchabhai ◽  
Muhammed Sajawal Ali ◽  
Scott S. Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Background: A significant number of patients with severe respiratory failure related to COVID-19 require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Minimal data exists regarding the timing, safety, and efficacy of combined bedside percutaneous tracheostomy and endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement in these patients. The safety for healthcare providers is also in question. This study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined bedside tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement in COVID-19 patients. Design and Methods: This is a single arm, prospective cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation who underwent bedside tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement. Detailed clinical and procedural data were collected. Descriptive statistics were employed and time to event curves were estimated and plotted using the Kaplan Meier method for clinically relevant prespecified endpoints. Results: Among 58 patients, the median total intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay was 29 days (24.7-33.3) with a median of 10 days (6.3-13.7) postprocedure. Nearly 88% of patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation postprocedure at a median of 9 days (6-12); 94% of these were decannulated. Sixty-day mortality was 10.3%. Almost 90% of patients were discharged alive from the hospital. All procedures were done at bedside with no patient transfer required out of the ICU. A median of 3.0 healthcare personnel total were present in the room per procedure. Conclusion: This study shows that survival of critically ill COVID-19 patients after tracheostomy and gastrostomy was nearly 90%. The time-to-event curves are encouraging regarding time to weaning, downsizing, decannulation, and discharge. A combined procedure minimizes the risk of virus transmission to healthcare providers in addition to decreasing the number of anesthetic episodes, transfusions, and transfers patients must undergo. This approach should be considered in critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Combined Percutaneous Tracheostomy and Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement in COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Oberg ◽  
Colleen Keyes ◽  
Tanmay Panchabhai ◽  
Sajawal Ali ◽  
Scott Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Abstract Background:A significant number of patients with severe respiratory failure related to COVID-19 require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Minimal data exists regarding the timing, safety, and efficacy of combined bedside percutaneous tracheostomy and endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement in these patients. The safety for healthcare providers is also in question. This study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined bedside tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement in COVID-19 patients.Methods:This is a single arm, prospective cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation who underwent bedside tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Detailed clinical and procedural data were collected. Descriptive statistics were employed and time to event curves were estimated and plotted using the Kaplan Meier method for clinically relevant pre-specified endpoints.Results:Fifty-eight patients were included. Nearly 90% of the patients received pronation therapy and 52% of patients underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation evaluation. The median total intensive care unit length of stay was 29 days (24.7-33.3) with a median of 10 days (6.3-13.7) post-procedure. Nearly 88% of patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation post-procedure at a median of 9 days (6-12); 94% of these were decannulated. Sixty-day mortality was 10.3%. Almost 90% of patients were discharged alive from the hospital. No transfer out of the intensive care unit was required and a median of 3 healthcare personnel per procedure were present.Conclusions:This study shows that survival of critically ill COVID-19 patients after tracheostomy and gastrostomy was nearly 90%. The time-to-event curves are encouraging regarding time to weaning, downsizing, decannulation and discharge. A combined procedure minimizes the risk of virus transmission to healthcare providers in addition to decreasing the number of anesthetic episodes, transfusions, and transfers patients must undergo.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Percutaneous Tracheostomy for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Arnold ◽  
Catherine A. Gao ◽  
Elizabeth Malsin ◽  
Kristy Todd ◽  
A. Christine Argento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Lengths Of Stay

ABSTRACTBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 can cause severe respiratory failure leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Data are just emerging about the practice and outcomes of tracheostomy in these patients. We reviewed our experience with tracheostomies for SARS-CoV-2 at our tertiary-care, urban teaching hospital.MethodsWe reviewed the demographics, comorbidities, timing of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and ICU and hospital lengths-of-stay (LOS) in SARS-CoV-2 patients who received tracheostomies. Early tracheostomy was considered <14 days of ventilation. Medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated and compared with Wilcoxon rank sum, Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and regression modeling.ResultsFrom March 2020 to January 2021, our center had 370 patients intubated for SARS-CoV-2, and 59 (16%) had percutaneous bedside tracheostomy. Median time from intubation to tracheostomy was 19 (IQR 17 – 24) days. Demographics and comorbidities were similar between early and late tracheostomy, but early tracheostomy was associated with shorter ICU LOS and a trend towards shorter ventilation. To date, 34 (58%) of patients have been decannulated, 17 (29%) before hospital discharge; median time to decannulation was 24 (IQR 19-38) days. Decannulated patients were younger (56 vs 69 years), and in regression analysis, pneumothorax was associated was associated with lower decannulation rates (OR 0.05, 95CI 0.01 – 0.37). No providers developed symptoms or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionsTracheostomy is a safe and reasonable procedure for patients with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure. We feel that tracheostomy enhances care for SARS-CoV-2 since early tracheostomy appears associated with shorter duration of critical care, and decannulation rates appear high for survivors.

Muscular Dystrophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Kreeger ◽  
James P. Spaeth
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Volatile Anesthetics ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a complex disease characterized by multiple physiologic perturbations, progressively leading to cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure, and, eventually, death. Patients with DMD create unique challenges for the anesthesia team, including management of a difficult airway, avoidance of volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, the need for respiratory support, and discussion of advance directives. A thorough and multidisciplinary collaborative approach must be utilized in the care of these patients for the entire perioperative period. This chapter uses a case example of a 17-year-old boy with DMD who presents for preoperative anesthesia consultation in anticipation of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement.

scholarly journals Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hammes ◽  
Sikandar Khan ◽  
Heidi Lindroth ◽  
Babar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Behavior

Background:  COVID-19 is associated with severe respiratory failure and high mortality in critically ill patients.2,4,5 Neurologic manifestations of the disease, including delirium and coma, may also be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Delirium is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and mortality.3 this study sought to describe the rates, duration, and severity of delirium in patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19.  Methods:  A retrospective, observational study was conducted from March 1stto April 27th, 2020, at Indiana University Health Methodist and Eskenazi Health Hospitals. The delirium measurements were extracted in the first 14 days of the ICU stay, using the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and the CAM-ICU and CAM-ICU7, for those with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. The primary outcomes were delirium rates and duration; the secondary outcome was delirium severity. Descriptive statistics and median group comparisons were done using SAS v9.4.  Results:   Of 144 patients in the study, 73.6% experienced delirium and 76.4% experienced delirium or coma. The median delirium or coma duration was 7 days (IQR: 3-10), and the median delirium duration was 5 days (IQR: 2-7). The median CAM-ICU-7 score was 6 (IQR: 2-7) signifying severe delirium. Mechanical ventilation was associated increased risk of developing delirium (OR: 22.65, 95% CL: 5.24-97.82). Mortality was also more likely in patients experiencing delirium: 26.4% compared to 15.8% in patients without delirium.   Conclusion:   Of the 144 patients included, 73.6% experienced delirium lasting on average 5 days: the median delirium score being severe. Mechanical ventilation was also associated with greater odds of developing delirium. Because Covid-19 is associated with high rates of delirium, leading to increased rates of functionality disability, more resources and attention are needed to prevent and manage delirium in patients.1      References  Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, et al. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Critical Care Medicine. 2014;42(2):369-377.  Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response. JAMA. 2020.   Hayhurst CJ, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Intensive Care Unit Delirium: A Review of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(6):1229-1241.  Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020.  Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020:S0889-1591(0820)30357-30353. 

Bronchoscope-Guided Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement by Interventional Pulmonologists: A Feasibility and Safety Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Folch ◽  
Fayez Kheir ◽  
Amit Mahajan ◽  
Daniel Alape ◽  
Omar Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tube Removal ◽  
Gastrostomy Tube Placement ◽  
Peg Tube

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is a procedure frequently done in the intensive care unit. The use of a traditional endoscope can be difficult in cases of esophageal stenosis and theoretically confers an increased risk of infection due to its complex architecture. We describe a technique using the bronchoscope, which allows navigation through stenotic esophageal lesions and also minimizes the risk of endoscopy-associated infections. Methods: Prospective series of patients who had PEG tube placement guided by a bronchoscope. Procedural outcomes including successful placement, duration of the entire procedure, time needed for passage of the bronchoscope from the oropharynx to the major curvature, PEG tube removal rate, and mortality were collected. Procedural adverse events, including infections and long-term PEG-related complications, were recorded. Results: A total of 84 patients underwent bronchoscope-guided PEG tube placement. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion was completed successfully in 82 (97.6%) patients. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement was performed immediately following percutaneous tracheostomy in 82.1%. Thirty-day mortality and 1-year mortality were 11.9% and 31%, respectively. Overall, minor complications occurred in 2.4% of patients, while there were no major complications. No serious infectious complications were identified and no endoscope-associated hospital acquired infections were documented. Conclusions: The use of the bronchoscope can be safely and effectively used for PEG tube placement. The use of bronchoscope rather than a gastroscope has several advantages, which include the ease of navigating through complex aerodigestive disorders such as strictures and fistulas as well as decreased health-care utilization. In addition, it may have a theoretical advantage of minimizing infections related to complex endoscopes.

scholarly journals Surgical tracheostomy in a cohort of COVID-19 patients

HNO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Schuler ◽  
Jens Greve ◽  
Thomas K. Hoffmann ◽  
Janina Hahn ◽  
Felix Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Surgical Tracheostomy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Open Surgical Tracheostomy ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Abstract Background One of the main symptoms of severe infection with the new coronavirus‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) is hypoxemic respiratory failure because of viral pneumonia with the need for mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation may require a tracheostomy, but the increased risk for contamination is a matter of considerable debate. Objective Evaluation of safety and effects of surgical tracheostomy on ventilation parameters and outcome in patients with COVID-19. Study design Retrospective observational study between March 27 and May 18, 2020, in a single-center coronavirus disease-designated ICU at a tertiary care German hospital. Patients Patients with COVID-19 were treated with open surgical tracheostomy due to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Measurements Clinical and ventilation data were obtained from medical records in a retrospective manner. Results A total of 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection and surgical tracheostomy were analyzed. The age range was 42–87 years. All patients received open tracheostomy between 2–16 days after admission. Ventilation after tracheostomy was less invasive (reduction in PEAK and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) and lung compliance increased over time after tracheostomy. Also, sedative drugs could be reduced, and patients had a reduced need of norepinephrine to maintain hemodynamic stability. Six of 18 patients died. All surgical staff were equipped with N99-masks and facial shields or with powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR). Conclusion Our data suggest that open surgical tracheostomy can be performed without severe complications in patients with COVID-19. Tracheostomy may reduce invasiveness of mechanical ventilation and the need for sedative drugs and norepinehprine. Recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) for surgical staff should be followed when PPE is available to avoid contamination of the personnel.

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