Mapping the Post-communist Class Structure: Findings from a New Multidimensional Hungarian Class Survey

In this article, we define a schema for the class structure of Hungary, in which we consider a case for an Eastern-European capitalist system emerging from post-communist societies. Our schema is based on the findings of the Hungarian Class Survey, 2014. Using six measures of Bourdieusian economic, cultural, and social capital and applying the methodology of latent class analysis (LCA), we have constructed a model of eight LCA-based classes: upper class, cultural middle class, affluent middle class, young urban consumers, network-embedded rural workers, young drifters, middle-aged deprived, and the precariat. Hungarian society seems to be quite hierarchical but is also fragmented within the upper and lower strata. Status inconsistency in terms of possessing economic, cultural, and social capital is strongly present even for the middle classes. There is a clear divide in our class model between the upper four and the lower four classes, in terms of vertical and nonvertical aspects of social stratification. We also compare our new multidimensional class typology to the traditional occupation-based one and demonstrate its added value for class analysis in Hungary.

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Social capital and chemsex initiation in young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: the pink carpet Y cohort study

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-021-00353-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽

Caitlin Alsandria O’Hara ◽

Wee Ling Koh ◽

Daniel Le ◽

Avin Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Substance Use ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Background Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use, or ‘chemsex’. Engaging in chemsex established as a major risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and is thus a public health issue of increasing urgency. This paper attempts to explore the association between measures of social capital and patterns of sexualized substance use among a sample of YMSM in Singapore. Methods Results of this study were derived from baseline data of the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study in Singapore, comprising a sample of 570 HIV-negative YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old. Latent class analysis was employed to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine associations between class membership and proxy measures of social capital, including age of sexual debut, bonding and bridging social capital, connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, and outness. Results Latent class analysis revealed three classes of YMSM based on their histories of sexualized substance use, which we labelled as ‘alcohol’, ‘poppers’, and ‘chemsex’. Multivariable analyses revealed that participants who were older (aOR = 1.19, p = 0.002) and who identified as gay (aOR = 2.43, p = 0.002) were more likely to be in the poppers class compared to the alcohol class. Participants with a later age of sexual debut were increasingly less likely to be in the poppers (aOR = 0.93, p = 0.039) and chemsex classes (aOR = 0.85, p = 0.018), compared to the alcohol class. Conclusions Varying measures of social capital such as an earlier age of exposure to sexual networks may predispose YMSM to greater opportunities for sexualized substance use. Future interventions should target YMSM who become sexually active at an earlier age to reduce the risks associated with sexualized substance use.

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Confirmatory Latent Class Analysis

Organizational Research Methods ◽

10.1177/1094428117747689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 983-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sarah J. Schmiege ◽

Katherine E. Masyn ◽

Angela D. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Model Fit ◽

Data Driven ◽

Class Structure ◽

Model Estimation ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Organizational Research ◽

Class Enumeration ◽

Comprehensive Framework

Most applications of person-centered methodologies have relied on data-driven approaches to class enumeration. As person-centered analyses grow in popularity within organizational research, confirmatory approaches may be sought to provide more stringent theoretical tests and to formalize replication efforts. Confirmatory latent class analysis (LCA) is achieved through placement of modeling constraints, yet there is variation in the types of potential constraints and a lack of standardization in evaluating model fit in published work. This article provides a comprehensive framework for operationalizing model constraints and demonstrates confirmatory LCA via two illustrations: (a) a dual sample approach ( n = 1,366 and n = 1,367 in exploratory and validation samples, respectively) and (b) confirmatory testing of a hypothesized latent class structure ( n = 1,483). We depict operationalization of threshold boundary and/or equality constraints under both illustrations to generate a confirmatory latent class structure, and explain methods of model evaluation and comparison to alternative models. The confirmatory model was well supported under the dual sample approach, and partially supported under the hypothesis-driven approach. We discuss decision making at various points of model estimation and end with future methodological developments.

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Precarization of the Middle Class of the New Russia: What are the Results of a Study of Heterogeneous Middle Strata?

Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika ◽

10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6798 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 39-54

Author(s):

Vasiliy A. Anikin

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Survey Data ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Middle Classes ◽

Lower Stratum ◽

Monitoring Survey ◽

Middle Strata ◽

Bayesian Latent Class Analysis

The paper aims to study the heterogeneity of the middle classes in the new Russia. Drawing from the monitoring survey data collected by the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, 2015 and 2018, the author employed Bayesian latent class analysis to detect Russian middle class and its main subgroups. In 2015 and 2018 it counted 58% and 61% of the population, respectively. Precarization of the middle is occurring in the lower stratum of the middle class, which comprises up to half of the middle class. The paper aims to study the heterogeneity of the middle classes in the new Russia. Drawing from the monitoring survey data collected by the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, 2015 and 2018, the author employed Bayesian latent class analysis to detect Russian middle class and its main subgroups. In 2015 and 2018 it counted 58% and 61% of the population, respectively. Precarization of the middle is occurring in the lower stratum of the middle class, which comprises up to half of the middle class.

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Social Capital and Chemsex Initiation in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123546/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽

Caitlin Alsandria O'Hara ◽

Wee Ling Koh ◽

Daniel Le ◽

Avin Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Substance Use ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Methamphetamine Use ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use, or ‘chemsex’. Engaging in chemsex established as a major risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and is thus a public health issue of increasing urgency. This paper attempts to explore the association between measures of social capital and patterns of sexualized substance use among a sample of YMSM in Singapore.Methods: Results of this study were derived from baseline data of the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study in Singapore, comprising a sample of 570 HIV-negative YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old. Latent class analysis was employed to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine associations between class membership and measures of social capital. Logistic regression was employed to examine associations between measures of social capital and past sexualized substance use.Results: Latent class analysis revealed three classes of YMSM based on their histories of sexualized substance use, which we labelled as ‘substance-naïve’, ‘substance-novice’, and ‘chemsex’. Participants with a later age of sexual debut were increasingly less likely to be in the substance novice and chemsex classes, compared to the substance-naïve class; they were also less likely to report sexualized alcohol, poppers and methamphetamine use. Connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community was negatively associated with sexualized methamphetamine use, while outness to family was positively associated with sexualized methamphetamine and erectile dysfunction drug use.Conclusions: Varying measures of social capital such as an earlier age of exposure to sexual networks or family-related stress may predispose YMSM to greater opportunities for sexualized substance use, while on the other hand, community connectedness may be protective. Future interventions should target YMSM who become sexually active at an earlier age to reduce the risks associated with sexualized substance use.

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