Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of the Clock Drawing Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease: Evaluation of a Modified Scoring System

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Parsey ◽  
Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Clock Drawing Test: A Simple Scoring System for the Accurate Screening of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rakusa ◽  
Joze Jensterle ◽  
Janez Mlakar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
State Examination

Background/Aim: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a valid alternative screening tool to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and, crucially, it may be completed faster. The aim of our study was to standardize and simplify the CDT scoring system for screening in three common conditions: mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mixed dementia (MD). Methods: We included 188 subjects (43 healthy volunteers, 49 patients with MCI, 54 patients with AD, and 42 patients with MD), who performed the MMSE and CDT. The CDT was evaluated using a modified 4-point scoring system. Results: The healthy subjects had the highest median values for the MMSE and CDT, followed by patients with MCI, AD and MD. The optimal cut-off for all patients and each patient group separately was 3 out of 4 points. Sensitivity was 89% for AD, 93% for MD and 83% for all patients, while specificity was 91%. The MMSE produced similar results. In comparison to the MMSE, sensitivity for MCI was significantly higher using the CDT (20 vs. 69%, respectively). Conclusion: A simple, 4-point scoring system may be used as a screening method for fast and accurate detection of cognitive impairment in patients with MCI, AD and MD.

Is the Clock Drawing Test a screening tool for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment? A systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Ehreke ◽  
Melanie Luppa ◽  
Hans-Helmut König ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Mean Differences

ABSTRACTBackground:The clock drawing test (CDT) is a common and widely used cognitive screening instrument for the diagnosis of dementia. However, it has remained unclear whether it is a suitable method to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this paper is to review systematically the studies concerning the utility of the CDT in diagnosing MCI.Method:A systematic literature search was conducted. All studies dealing with utility of CDT in diagnosing MCI regardless of the applied CDT scoring system and MCI concept were selected.Results:Nine relevant studies were identified. The majority of the studies compared average CDT scores of cognitively healthy and mildly impaired subjects, and four of them identified significant mean differences. If reported, sensitivity and specificity have been mostly unsatisfactory.Conclusion:CDT should not be used for MCI-screening.

Does the Combination of the MMSE and Clock Drawing Test (Mini-Clock) Improve the Detection of Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Cacho ◽  
Julián Benito-León ◽  
Ricardo García-García ◽  
Bernardino Fernández-Calvo ◽  
José Luis Vicente-Villardón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

P2-378: FUNCTIONAL MRI OF THE CLOCK-DRAWING TEST IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_15) ◽  
pp. P841-P842
Author(s):  
Natasha A. Talwar ◽  
Nathan W. Churchill ◽  
Megan A. Hird ◽  
Tahira Tasneem ◽  
Iryna Pshonyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

Informativeness of the scales for assessing cognitive functions and psychometric questionnaires for moderate cognitive impairment and vascular genesis dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
K. Kudukhova ◽  
L. Ivanova ◽  
V. Khaikin ◽  
V. Mkrtchyan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorder ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment

The purpose of this study is assessing informative capability of the most frequently used scales and neuropsychological tests evaluating cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular dementia (VD). A total of 104 patients with cerebrovascular disorder including 39 male and 65 female were divided into two subgroups depending on severity of the cognitive impairment. The first group consisted of 51 patients with MCI and the second one consisted of 53 patients with VD confirmed by MMSE and MoCA-test. The obtained correlation analysis data testifies to difficulties in the interpretation of these routinely used scales not only because of the differences between investigated parameters of the patients with MCI and VD, but also because of the main goal of their creation. Most of the scales were created for patients with dementia and now their sensitivity for MCI is doubtful. The MoCA test, Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and ADAS-cog subscale are more sensitive and has greatest informative capability for patients with MCI and dementia, while MMSE is more informative mostly for patients with dementia. Neuropsychological tests DAD and NPI remain informative in varying degrees of cognitive impairment. In the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the degree of cognitive impairment of vascular genesis, one should use not only a complex of scales and neuropsychological tests, but also methods that comprehensively reflect the vascular genesis of the process of formation of cognitive impairment.

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