scholarly journals The influence of system design-related factors on the safety performance of metro drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Rjabovs ◽  
Roberto Palacin
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Performance Shaping Factors ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Train Driver ◽  
Bivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Metro Systems

Although it is accepted that system design affects train driver performance, the literature related to this phenomenon – in relation to urban railways and metro systems in particular – is scarce. Metro systems differ significantly from mainline railways, being closed systems, with shorter headways, a greater number of stations and more signals encountered. This paper aims to investigate the effects of design-related performance shaping factors on metro driver performance, by analysing historical incident records for the 2011–2013 period on the Tyne & Wear (T&W) Metro (UK). Bivariate statistical analysis has been used, to assess the potential inter-dependency of the performance shaping factors and other common causal factors, for various driver-related incident types. In addition to category A signals passed at danger incidents, station overruns, and incidents associated with station procedures have also been assessed. The results show the significant importance of the location (design) based performance shaping factors in incident propagation mechanisms in the Metro. The two years under investigation display increased consistency between driver-related incidents and locations, rather than time of day, or season. In addition, the highest correlation between incidents has been found in terms of locations. Deviations from a standardised T&W Metro station design were found to associate with either an increase or decrease in incident rates, depending on whether additional complexity or simplicity was introduced. Although the features of metro systems suggest improved route knowledge and system familiarity among drivers, the results show that this can actually lead to an unsatisfactory safety-related performance during non-routine operations, e.g. engineering works, or driving in sidings.

scholarly journals Understanding the integration of buses and metro systems using smart card data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Diao Lin ◽  
Ruoxin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Afternoon Peak

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Buses are considered as an important type of feeder model for urban metro systems. It is important to understand the integration of buses and metro systems for promoting public transportation. Using smart card data generated by automatic fare collection systems, we aim at exploring the characteristics of bus-and-metro integration. Taking Shanghai as a case study, we first introduced a rule-based method to extract metro trips and bus-and-metro trips from the raw smart card records. Based on the identified trips, we conducted three analyses to explore the characteristics of bus-and-metro integration. The first analysis showed that 46% users have at least two times of using buses to access metro stations during five weekdays. By combining the ridership of metro and bus-and-metro, the second analysis examined how the share of buses as the feeder mode change across space and time. Results showed that the share of buses as the feeder mode in morning peak hours is much larger than in afternoon peak hours, and metro stations away from the city center tend to have a larger share. Pearson correlation test was employed in the third analysis to explore the factors associated with the ratios of bus-and-metro trips. The metro station density and access metro duration are positively associated with the ratios. The number of bus lines around 100&amp;thinsp;m to 400&amp;thinsp;m of metro stations all showed a negative association, and the coefficient for 200&amp;thinsp;m is the largest. In addition, the temporal differences of the coefficients also suggest the importance of a factor might change with respect to different times. These results enhanced our understanding of the integration of buses and metro systems.</p>

scholarly journals Analysing and modelling train driver performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. McLeod ◽  
Guy H. Walker ◽  
Neville Moray
Keyword(s):  
Driver Performance ◽  
Train Driver

scholarly journals Relationships Between Sleep Quality and Pain-Related Factors for People with Chronic Low Back Pain: Tests of Reciprocal and Time of Day Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Gerhart ◽  
John W. Burns ◽  
Kristina M. Post ◽  
David A. Smith ◽  
Laura S. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pain Tests

scholarly journals Scenario-based inundation analysis of metro systems: a case study in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Min Lyu ◽  
Shui-Long Shen ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhen-Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Inundation Extent ◽  
Metro Systems

Abstract. Catastrophic urban floods result in severe inundation of underground facilities in recent years. This paper presents an integrated approach in which an algorithm is proposed to integrate the storm water management model (SWMM) into the geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the inundation risk. The proposed algorithm simulates the flood inundation of overland flow and metro station for each schemed scenario. It involves i) determination of the grid location and spreading coefficient and ii) iterative calculation of the spreading process. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential inundation risks of metro systems, an equation to qualitatively calculate the inundation depth around a metro station is proposed. This equation considered the drainage capacity and characteristics of each metro station. The proposed method is applied to simulate the inundation risks of the metro system in the urban centre of Shanghai under 50-year, 100-year, and 500-year scenarios. Both the inundation extent and depth are derived. The proposed method is validated by verifying from the records of historical floods. The results demonstrate that in case of the 500-year-rainfall scenario, for an inundation depth of over 300 mm, the inundated area is up to 5.16 km2, which is 4.3 % of the studied area and that there are four metro stations inundated to a depth of over 300 mm.

Engagement in a social media: an analysis in higher education institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Coelho Soares ◽  
Ricardo Limongi ◽  
Eric David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type

PurposeSocial media are channels of communication and relationship between consumers and brands. In this paper, the determinants of consumer engagement in firm-generated content on Facebook are examined in a higher education institutions (HEIs) context.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 1,981 Facebook brand posts of 16 Brazilian HEIs and thoroughly analyzed with seemingly unrelated regression (SUR).FindingsThe results indicated that the type of media does not increase the user's engagement. The emotional content, on the other hand, increases the number of likes and shares and not comments. An interaction between dimensions, type of media and content is relevant disclosed to increase engagement metrics, while characteristics related to the day and time of posting are not relevant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyzes the factors that influence consumer engagement in brand messages published on Facebook, in the context of higher education institutions. Specifically, the authors seek to examine the influence that emanates from the likes, comments and shares: (1) factors related to the type of media (interactivity and liveliness); (2) content-related factors (remuneration, emotional, entertainment and informational); and (3) factors related to posting (day of the week and time of day).Practical implicationsIn the context of educational services, social media is increasingly present, remarkably in HEI marketing practices. Previous studies have shown that universities use social media (mainly Facebook) to promote interactivity with students. The study presents the key characteristics of the postings by the HEIs, with an emphasis on the liveliness, the interactivity of the media, and the information content of the posts. It stands out by the examination of the most relevant factors that influence Facebook engagement, and by providing evidence on the strength of the factors related to post features that influence user engagement.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the proposition and empirical test of a predictive model of consumer engagement on Facebook, which can predict engagement in an HEI context.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2020-0242

Factors Affecting Reaction-Time Testing and the Interpretation of Results

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Taimela
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Testing Schedule

The aim of this study was to identify factors that might affect reaction-time (RT) testing and interpretation. Simple reaction time and choice reaction time were measured in a cohort of 893 white young men. Age, body size, color vision, and intelligence (IQ) were analyzed as subject-related factors. Effects of time of day of test and different examiners were analyzed in relation to testing facilities. All factors were statistically correlated to RTs; however, the relationships between age and RTs and between height and RTs were noticeably weak and apparently insignificant in practice. A defect in color vision was notably associated with slow choice RT and with mistakes on the test. As the choice was coded by color in the choice RT test, the result was expected. Low IQs were significantly related with slow RTs. Slow RTs have been correlated with low-grade IQs in previous studies also. Lower grades and greater variation in RTs were recorded just before meals or if testing was done outside the daily testing schedule. The examiner supervising the RT testing significantly affected the results. It was concluded that the introduction for tests should be given impersonally using a tape recorder or comparable equipment.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability Testing on Train Driver Performance Model Using a PLS Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Azlis-Sani ◽  
Siti Zawiah Md. Dawal ◽  
Zakuan Norhayati Mohmad
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Train Driver

The purpose of this paper is to explain the assessment of validity and reliability of measured items used in survey research. The structural equation modeling techniques and Partial Least Square (PLS) will be adopted to assess the goodness of measures of constructs used in a model to examine the performance of the Malaysian train drivers. The measurement process involves assessment of construct validity of the items and followed by convergent validity. Then, the composite reliability was assessed with internal consistency measure of Cronbachs alpha. Lastly, discriminant validity was tested to assess the validity of the measurement. The constructs are not supposed to measure other constructs or overlapping constructs.

scholarly journals Analysing and Modelling Train Driver Performance

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. McLeod ◽  
Guy H. Walker ◽  
Neville Moray ◽  
Ann Mills
Keyword(s):  
Driver Performance ◽  
Train Driver

Routine Outpatient Laboratory Test Turnaround Times and Practice Patterns

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Steven J. Steindel ◽  
Bruce A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives.—To determine baseline parameters for routine outpatient test turnaround time (TAT), to identify influential factors, and to study the impact of managed care on this testing. Method.—Using forms supplied by the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program, laboratories conducted a self-directed study of routine outpatient TATs over a 4-week period. Data requested included various times of day associated with the collection, laboratory receipt, and result verification of specimens, as well as details on the drawing location and ordering and delivery methods for up to 3 tests, namely, a complete blood cell count (CBC), biochemical profile, or thyrotropin test. For the CBC, an indication was requested if a manual differential was performed. Additionally, practice-related questions were asked, including several about whether the laboratory was associated with a managed care organization (MCO). The main outcome measures included the components of the TAT process and related factors. Participants.—Six hundred nineteen laboratories from those enrolled in the 1997 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program. Results.—Data were submitted by 614 participants, most US hospitals, and represented 30 240 CBCs, 25 683 biochemical profiles, and 14 801 thyrotropins. Collection to verification TATs increased for specimens received later in the day for all analytes, but the magnitude of the increase was greatest for thyrotropin. Collection to laboratory receipt TAT was similar for all analytes, but the time and distribution increased with time of day. Testing time (receipt to verification) was similar for the CBC and biochemical profile, but was greatly increased for thyrotropin. Most participants tested the CBC and the biochemical profile as they arrived, but many delayed testing for thyrotropin. Most (70%) outpatient specimens were collected within the institution; only about 10% came from local physicians' offices. A median 46.7% of hospital testing involved outpatients. Only 10% of laboratories operated under an MCO; these laboratories reported a median of 45% of specimens coming from their MCO. Being associated with an MCO increased TAT for the CBC and biochemical profile. Conclusions.—Outpatient testing comprises about half of all hospital testing, yet systems are not optimized. Preanalytic TAT increases during the day, which indicates increasing delays in the collection and transport stages. Imposition of a test schedule on thyrotropin results in a delay pattern that is very different from the CBC and biochemical profile, which are tested on arrival. A laboratory's association with an MCO had a weak impact on TAT.

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