scholarly journals Intra-urban health differentials in London - urban health indicators and policy implications

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Landon
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Policy Implications

scholarly journals 21.L. Workshop: To what extent can we trust our data on trends in mental health among adolescents?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mental health complaints have increased among school-aged children in the Nordic countries, especially among girls according to survey data in the Nordic countries. Moreover, the consumption of mental health services among adolescents has also increased. However, criticism from qualitative researchers have questioned the validity of the response to survey questions and the interpretation of the results. This controversy has been public in the media both in Denmark and Sweden. The objectives of the workshop are to describe trends in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries, review criticism of mental health indicators, discuss measurement and analytical options, and consider consequences for policy making. Moreover, the workshop will discuss the situation in other parts of the worlds. Researchers in five Nordic countries have collaborated in the Health Behaviour of School-aged Children (HBSC) study to mental health. School-aged children, 11-, 13- and 15-year olds (n = 112,000) have participated in HBSC surveys. Of key concern are psychosomatic complaints (1985-2018), but trends will also be presented for indicators of excellent self-rated health and high life satisfaction (2002-2018), with additional indicators of positive mental health (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, General self-efficacy, Self-esteem) from the 2017/18 HBSC data collection. There has been an increase in the psychosomatic complaints among girls and boys, in all age groups and in the five Nordic countries. Strengths and limitations of epidemiological surveys will be discussed. The impact of different frequency cut points will be presented as well as the heterogeneities regarding profiles of adolescents with different combination of negative and positive mental health indicators. Moreover, qualitative studies and registry-based analysis will be used as contrasting evidence. The qualitative studies on symptom perception indicate that the prevalence of problems may be overestimated, and data from psychiatric care and prescription of drugs show important increase. After an introduction and two presentations the workshop will be a dialogue with the participants. First the core similarities and differences between countries will be explored. Then the policy implications will be discussed. Key messages The HBSC survey design give thousands of adolescents and children across dozens of nations the ability to be heard through a reliable and valid methodology. It is important to use indicators according to their intended use, monitoring of population trends, developing causal networks of determinants, screening of clinical cases or as diagnostic tools.

The healthy settings approach: Healthy Cities and environmental health indicators

2018 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Evelyne de Leeuw ◽  
Premila Webster
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Settings Approach ◽  
Health Organization

‘Healthy Cities’ is a global movement in urban health that grew from a Canadian initiative in the mid-1980s to a World Health Organization programme. Healthy Cities are characterized by a strong commitment to values such as sustainability, solidarity, justice, and participation embedded in a vision that embraces ecological and community perspectives. The movement comes in different manifestations around the world; this chapter focuses mostly on the European evidence base and discusses efforts that have been made over three decades to establish validated sets of indicators to measure and assess urban health and Healthy Cities. True to the nature of the movement, indicators are both socioecological and biomedical, qualitative, and quantitative. This presents challenges to validity and applicability across urban environments.

Correlates of Maternal Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Anjali Radkar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Maternal Deaths

Maternal death is an indicator of quality and efficiency of reproductive health services and is regarded as a composite measure of the country’s progress. Reduction in maternal mortality is one of the eight globally accepted Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To achieve the goal of 109, by 2015, the developing world needs to take challenge where the burden of maternal mortality is 99 per cent. This study attempts to understand the strength of relationship of the correlates of maternal mortality with actual maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to come out with policy implications to lessen maternal deaths. Based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 data on maternal health indicators and sample registration systems (SRS) estimates of maternal mortality, the relationships are explored. Maternal deaths would significantly reduce when fertility declines, that is, when contraception increases, when status of women enhances, they are sufficiently fed to have normal body mass index (BMI) and have awareness of reproductive health issues. The most prominent correlate is utilization of reproductive health care services. When all antenatal, natal and postnatal services are utilized to a large extent, maternal deaths would diminish significantly. Effective implementation of services is a key to trim down maternal mortality.

Evaluation of Treatment and Other Factors That Lead to Drug Court Success, Substance Use Reduction, and Mental Health Symptomatology Reduction Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Baughman ◽  
Krystel Tossone ◽  
Mark I. Singer ◽  
Daniel J. Flannery
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Symptomatology

Adults presenting with substance use and mental health disorders in the criminal justice system is well documented. While studies have examined drug courts and medication-assisted treatment (MAT), few have examined social and behavioral health indicators, and even fewer have multiple study periods. This study employed a comprehensive approach to studying the MAT contribution to drug court success; reduce substance use, mental health symptoms, and risky behaviors; and the role that violence or trauma plays in mental health symptomatology. Using three time points, our findings indicated that MAT did not play a significant role in the reduction of substance use, risky behaviors, or mental health symptoms or increasing the odds of successful court graduation. However, there was an overall improvement from intake to termination in reduction of substance use, risky behaviors, and mental health symptomatology. Other factors, including social support, may play a role in drug court graduation. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Interrelation of Urban Health Indicators and COVID-19: A Study of Passo Fundo/RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Müller ◽  
Thaísa Leal da Silva ◽  
Wilson Levy Braga da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Indicators

Urban Health Indicators: The Role of Data Disparities

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-285
Author(s):  
Richard Rothenberg ◽  
Christine Stauber ◽  
Dajun Dai ◽  
Johannes Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Indicators

scholarly journals Disaggregating health inequalities within Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2002-2010, by applying an urban health inequality index

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bortz ◽  
Megumi Kano ◽  
Heribert Ramroth ◽  
Christovam Barcellos ◽  
Scott R. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Ward Level

Abstract An urban health index (UHI) was used to quantify health inequalities within Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the years 2002-2010. Eight main health indicators were generated at the ward level using mortality data. The indicators were combined to form the index. The distribution of the rank ordered UHI-values provides information on inequality among wards, using the ratio of the extremes and the gradient of the middle values. Over the decade the ratio of extremes in 2010 declined relative to 2002 (1.57 vs. 1.32) as did the slope of the middle values (0.23 vs. 0.16). A spatial division between the affluent south and the deprived north and east is still visible. The UHI correlated on an ecological ward-level with socioeconomic and urban environment indicators like square meter price of apartments (0.54, p < 0.01), low education of mother (-0.61, p < 0.01), low income (-0.62, p < 0.01) and proportion of black ethnicity (-0.55, p < 0.01). The results suggest that population health and equity have improved in Rio de Janeiro in the last decade though some familiar patterns of spatial inequality remain.

Health Services Research

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Michael K. Gusmano
Keyword(s):  
Health Services Research ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Curative Care

The physical and social environment clearly characterize cities and influence the health of their residents. Cities, however, also represent places where a wealth of services can be available their residents, thus contributing to their well-being. While the foundations of health are social, cultural, and economic, health services are a critical part of curative care and can contribute to overall health indicators—and health gaps—in urban areas. This chapter grounds the reader in how health services perspectives can inform our understanding of health in cities, offering examples of how health services research can both answer questions and point the way to the next generation of questions that inform urban health scholarship.

scholarly journals Environmental health indicators: a review of initiatives worldwide

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tisch ◽  
Amber L. Pearson ◽  
Simon Kingham ◽  
Barry Borman ◽  
David Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Parent Agency ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The extent to which research into the design and development of environmental health indicators (EHIs) has translated into operational programmes is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to identify EHI initiatives worldwide, distil the EHIs and draw lessons from the experience. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic internet-based review was undertaken. Programmes were selected for inclusion if they: first, had the ability to monitor both the physical environment and associated health outcomes; and second, the parent agency had the ability to influence policies related to the environment and health. Findings – The small number of eligible programmes indicates EHI initiatives are not yet well established, especially in developing countries. The use of indicators was also limited by uncertainties in the exposure-response relationships that they implied, and the consequent inability to translate the indicators into a common measure of health impact. In addition, there is no information on the extent to which the indicators have been applied in decision making, nor on the policy implications of using indicators. Practical implications – More effort is needed to encourage the development and use of more balanced and informative sets of indicators, and to evaluate their use and outcomes in terms of health benefits. Originality/value – The time is right for a substantial review paper on EHIs as they are now being used by a number of organisations and to the knowledge this is the first review of operational EHI programmes worldwide.

scholarly journals Why investigate urban health indicators?

2015 ◽  
pp. ckv101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpana Verma ◽  
Erik van Ameijden ◽  
Christopher Birt ◽  
Ioan Bocsan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Indicators
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document