normal body mass index
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2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Maranda Thompson ◽  
Arzu Ulu ◽  
Ana G. Yuil-Valdes ◽  
Maheswari Mukherjee ◽  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
...  

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman’s correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.


2022 ◽  
pp. 036354652110669
Author(s):  
David Y. Ding ◽  
Lue-Yen Tucker ◽  
Caitlin M. Rugg

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears can be devastating injuries, leading to joint instability, meniscal tears, and subsequent arthritis. It is unknown whether ACL reconstruction (ACLR) alters the natural history of joint degeneration in the ACL-deficient knee compared with nonoperative treatment, and few studies have examined outcomes in middle–aged patients. Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the midterm risk of subsequent ipsilateral knee surgery in middle–aged patients after an ACL injury treated with initial conservative (nonoperative) management (CM) versus ACLR (operative management [OM]) within 6 months of the diagnosis. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed an electronic database search from 2011 to 2012 for all patients aged 35 to 55 years with an initial diagnosis of magnetic resonance imaging—confirmed ACL tear. Patients who elected CM and those who underwent ACLR within 6 months of the diagnosis (OM) were identified. Index patient and clinical characteristics were collected from the health record. All patients were longitudinally observed until August 31, 2017. The primary outcome was subsequent ipsilateral knee surgeries, and secondary outcomes included contralateral knee surgeries, deep surgical–site infections, and venous thrombotic events. Results: The mean follow–up was 4.8 ± 0.6 years. The CM group included 463 patients (40.2%) and the OM group included 690 patients (59.8%). The mean ages were 43.9 ± 5.7 years and 42.7 ± 5.3 years for patients in the CM and OM groups, respectively ( P < .001). Obesity and smoking were significantly more common in the CM group. During the follow–up, 180 patients (38.9%) in the CM group underwent subsequent ipsilateral knee surgery compared with 73 (10.6%) patients in the OM group ( P < .001). The mean time to the first ipsilateral procedure was 0.9 ± 1.1 years in the CM and 2 ± 1.5 years in the OM group ( P < .001). Delayed ipsilateral ACLRs were performed in 81 patients in the CM group (17.5%); non-ACLR ipsilateral knee surgeries were performed in 156 patients in the CM group (33.7%). Contralateral knee surgery rates were similar. In a regression model, after controlling for age, sex, the Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and smoking status, it was found that normal body mass index and CM group were risk factors for undergoing subsequent knee surgery or ipsilateral non-ACLR surgery. Conclusion: Excluding delayed ACLR, subsequent ipsilateral knee surgeries were more common and occurred earlier in middle–aged patients with nonoperatively managed ACL tears compared with patients managed with reconstruction.


PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12690
Author(s):  
Ayesha Aslam ◽  
Shahid Shah ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Anees ur Rehman ◽  
Tauqeer Hussain Malhi ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives Globally, the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) with the coexistence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, resulting in poor quality of life. The main objective of the study was to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Methods A multicenter follow-up study was carried out in six public and two private dialysis centers in Pakistan. A total of 517 hypertensive hemodialysis patients responded by completing the questionnaire at baseline and two subsequent phases. The quality of life of these patients was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status). Statistical analysis was done using a multivariate linear regression model, Friedman test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results The majority of patients (58.2%) had normal body mass index and about 60.5% of the patients were taking less salt due to HTN. Friedman test gave the statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.001) in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) score between three phases (initial visit, first follow-up and second follow-up). A significant improvement was observed in self-care and usual activities from initial visit to first follow-up (p < 0.05). The most problematic dimension among the hypertensive patients with CKD was pain/discomfort (86.5%). Conclusions HTN with coexisting CKD in hemodialysis patients severely affected HRQoL. Pain/discomfort was the most problematic dimension among the participants.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upinder Kaur ◽  
Sapna Bala ◽  
Bisweswar Ojha ◽  
Bhairav Kumar Pathak ◽  
Aditi Joshi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Varying protection rates have been observed with approved COVID-19 vaccines post-approval, in various real-world studies. However, little data exists on the clinical presentation and risk factors of occurrence and severity of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals. The aim of the present study is to describe the patterns of presentation of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals, and to determine the predictors of occurrence of COVID-19 and the predictors of severity in the vaccinated.Methods: The study is a part of a prospective observational study ongoing since February 2021 in a tertiary teaching and research hospital of northern India. Individuals recruited in this study belong to a high-risk group comprising health care workers and elderly. COVISHIELD, based on ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 platform was the vaccine received by the participants based on policy on allocation.Primary outcomes of the study are the short term and long-term adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines. Secondary outcomes include the rates of occurrence of COVID-19 and severity of COVID-19. Data on these have been already reported. The clinical presentation, typical and atypical manifestations, time to symptomatic recovery and patterns of post-COVID-19 complaints were analysed in the current study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk factors of occurrence of COVID-19 in the vaccinated and the determinants of severe forms of the disease in this group.Findings: 1500 individuals completed at least two month follow up. Of these, 418 developed laboratory confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Fever was the commonest symptom (72%), followed by features of rhinitis (41%) and cough (34%). Nearly 12% individuals had only one symptom or none. Cardiovascular involvement was seen in more than 2% of affected. Time to symptomatic recovery varied from 1-75 days and 11% had post COVID-19 complaints at two month follow up, most common being generalized weakness. Results of regression analysis showed 1.6 times higher odds of contracting the disease in females and young individuals < 40 years of age (P<0.001). Overweight individuals and those receiving only one dose were at 1.4 times and 3 times higher odds of contracting COVID-19 compared to those with normal body mass index and those who were fully vaccinated. Individuals receiving two doses at a gap of < 30 days were at 7 times higher odds of disease acquisition compared to those receiving the second dose at an extended gap of > 60 days (P=0.01).With respect to severity, males and those receiving only one dose each had 3 times higher odds of suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19 compared to females and fully vaccinated. Persons with pre-existing lung disease, such as asthma had 6 times higher odds of suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19 (P=0.024). No association with the occurrence or severity of disease was observed with any other co-morbidity or the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers.Interpretation: Sex wise differences exist with respect to occurrence and severity of COVID-19. Two doses of vaccine, compared to one dose provide considerable protection against occurrence as well as severity. Full vaccination with extended dosing interval should be the optimal strategy and should be carried out when the community burden of cases is negligible. Future studies are needed to explore the sex wise differences in the propensity and severity of COVID-19. Further, the risk association of asthma phenotypes with COVID-19 needs to be investigated.Funding: The study received no funding support


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Inna L. Polshakova ◽  
Sergey V. Povetkin ◽  
Alexey Y. Gaponov

Introduction: to evaluate the effect of excess body weight (EBW) and obesity on the survival of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the REKUR-AF study. Materials and methods: A subanalysis of patients with AF included in the REKUR-AF (382 people) study was performed. Survival rates were analyzed in three patient groups: patients with normal body mass index (BMI), EBW and obesity. Then the nature and significance of the influence of the studied factor on the prognosis in patients with AF were assessed. Results and discussion: Patients with AF and normal BMI were significantly older than those with obesity and EBW (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). Among obese patients, hypertension was significantly (p=0.0015) more common (93.9%) compared to the group of patients with a normal BMI level (80.5%). The frequency of type 2 diabetes in obese patients prevailed over the same indicator in the groups of people with normal BMI and EBW (p=0.007 and p=0.020, respectively). The analysis of the survival rate of patients with AF depending on the BMI level showed that this factor had a significant impact (p=0.013) on the prognosis. The group of individuals with a normal BMI level had a significantly lower survival rate than the cohort of patients with EBW (p=0.011) and OB (p=0.025). The final model for Cox regression analysis (χ2=53.06, p&lt;0.001) included the following factors: age, form of AF, BMI, presence/absence of type 2 diabetes, presence/absence of previous hospitalizations, presence/absence of hypertension, and presence/absence of oral anticoagulant (OAC) intake. Conclusion: The obtained results do not make it possible to unambiguously interpret obesity as a predictor of a positive outcome in this category of individuals.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4363
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro ◽  
Matteo Vittori ◽  
Gianmarco Lombardi ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
...  

Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Jiang ◽  
Qiumei Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Qiqi You ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
...  

AbstractHypertension is the leading single contributor to all-cause death and disability worldwide. However, there is scarce evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension for Chinese youth. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese college freshmen and to identify the influencing factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all freshmen from 2015 to 2017 at a university in Wuhan, China by physical examination and standard-structured questionnaire. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression method was used in the multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of hypertension in youth. A total of 12,849 participants were included, and the prevalence of hypertension of Chinese college freshmen was 4.3% (7.9% in men and 1.6% in women). Men had a higher risk of hypertension than women (odds ratio [OR]: 5.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.345–6.607, P < 0.001). Obese people were more likely to develop hypertension than those with normal body mass index (OR: 10.465, 95% CI: 8.448–12.964, P < 0.001). People with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 4.987, 95% CI: 3.641–6.832, P < 0.001). Staying up late (OR: 2.957, 95% CI: 2.482–3.523, P < 0.001), physical inactivity (OR: 4.973, 95% CI: 4.141–5.972, P < 0.001), living in urban district (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.493–2.329, P < 0.001) and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (OR: 2.685, 95% CI: 2.108–3.421, P < 0.001) were related to higher prevalence of hypertension in youth. Male, obesity, elevated RHR, physical inactivity and family history of CVDs were identified as important risk factors of hypertension in youth. These risk factors should be given more attention when designing and implementing the interventional programs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Rieza Enggardany ◽  
Lucia Yovita Hendrati ◽  
Noran Naqiah Hairi

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) from normal limits. Anemia is still a public health problem. Data states that the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in 2013 was 21.7%, with the number of sufferers known to be higher in women than men. The prevalence of anemia in the age range 15 to 24 years was 18.4%. Nutritional status shows the balance of nutrients due to the consumption, absorption, and use of nutrients that come from food in the body. A person's nutritional status can be said to be deficient if the body lacks intake of one or more essential nutrients for the body. One of the indicators for assessing a person's nutritional status is the Body Mass Index (BMI). Inadequate nutritional status will affect the nutritional status of iron in a person' s body so that it can be interpreted that nutritional status is one of the factors of anemia. Consuming foods with good nutritional value, especially foods that contain high iron will also affect the nutritional status of these adolescents so that the risk of suffering from anemia will decrease.Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index and anemia among young women in Indonesia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The population of this study was all Indonesians who participated in IFLS 5. The sample used in this study amounted to 3,525 respondents. IInclusion criteria of this study included female, aged 10-18 years, unmarried, having complete data regarding body weight, height and hemoglobin measurement results. If data related to the measurement results of hemoglobin, body weight, height are incomplete, they will be excluded.The statistical test was used is a chi-square test.Results: There was a relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and anemia among young women in Indonesia (p = 0.034 <0.05).Based on the odd ratio analysis using the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) group as a comparison, it is known that young women with underweight BMI categories have a 1.198 greater risk of experiencing anemia than girls with normal BMI categories.Conclusion: There is a relationship between BMI and anemia in adolescent girls. It is important for young women to always pay attention to daily iron intake by eating foods that are rich in iron or taking blood-booster tablets (TTD) to avoid anemia.


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