scholarly journals Aging Predicts Decline in Explicit and Implicit Memory: A Life-Span Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071-1083
Author(s):  
Emma V. Ward ◽  
Christopher J. Berry ◽  
David R. Shanks ◽  
Petter L. Moller ◽  
Enida Czsiser
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Effective Interventions

Explicit memory declines with age, but age effects on implicit memory are debated. This issue is important because if implicit memory is age invariant, it may support effective interventions in individuals experiencing memory decline. In this study, we overcame several methodological issues in past research to clarify age effects on implicit memory (priming) and their relationship to explicit memory (recognition, source memory). We (a) recruited a large life-span sample of participants ( N = 1,072) during a residency at the Science Museum in London, (b) employed an implicit task that was unaffected by explicit contamination, and (c) systematically manipulated attention and depth of processing to assess their contribution to age effects. Participants witnessed a succession of overlapping colored objects, attending to one color stream and ignoring the other, and identified masked objects at test before judging whether they were previously attended, unattended, or new. Age significantly predicted decline in both explicit and implicit memory for attended items.

Levels of Processing Effects on Implicit and Explicit Memory Tasks

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
Sally Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Processing Effects ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. One interpretation of levels of processing effects (LOP) on priming in implicit tests of memory is in terms of deficits in lexical processing during shallow study tasks. In two experiments the extent of lexical processing engaged in during standard shallow encoding tasks was manipulated by placing the encoding question either before or after the target stimulus. Clear evidence was found in explicit memory tasks that placing the question after the target stimulus increased the depth of processing of words presented in shallow encoding tasks. In contrast, there was no evidence of such an effect on the priming observed in implicit memory tasks. The results suggest that the role of lexical processing in LOP effects on priming requires further specification.

Tumorigenesis in High-Dose Total Body Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys--A Life Span Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel F. Hollander ◽  
Chris Zurcher ◽  
Johan J. Broerse
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Total Body

Spontaneous neoplasms of the seminal vesicles in aged Han:Chin hamsters (Cricetulus criseus)

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kaspareit-Rittinghausen ◽  
F. Deerberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Histopathological Features

Tumours of the seminal vesicles were found in 11 of 182 male Han:Chin hamsters kept in a life-span study from weaning to their natural death. Histologically they were classified as adenocarcinoma ( n = 10) and hemangiosarcoma ( n = 1). The histopathological features of the neoplasms are described.

scholarly journals Conceptual Priming and Familiarity: Different Expressions of Memory during Recognition Testing with Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L. Voss ◽  
Heather D. Lucas ◽  
Ken A. Paller
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Recognition Testing ◽  
Different Characteristics

Familiarity and recollection are qualitatively different explicit-memory phenomena evident during recognition testing. Investigations of the neurocognitive substrates of familiarity and recollection, however, have typically disregarded implicit-memory processes likely to be engaged during recognition tests. We reasoned that differential neural responses to old and new items in a recognition test may reflect either explicit or implicit memory. Putative neural correlates of familiarity in prior experiments, for example, may actually reflect contamination by implicit memory. In two experiments, we used obscure words that subjects could not formally define to tease apart electrophysiological correlates of familiarity and one form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. In Experiment 1, conceptual priming was observed for words only if they elicited meaningful associations. In Experiment 2, two distinct neural signals were observed in conjunction with familiarity-based recognition: late posterior potentials for words that both did and did not elicit meaningful associations and FN400 potentials only for the former. Given that symbolic meaning is a prerequisite for conceptual priming, the combined results specifically link late posterior potentials and FN400 potentials with familiarity and conceptual priming, respectively. These findings contradict previous interpretations of FN400 potentials as generic signals of familiarity and show that repeated stimuli in recognition tests can engender facilitated processing of conceptual information in addition to retrieval processing that leads to the awareness of memory retrieval. The different characteristics of the electrical markers of these two types of process further underscore the biological validity of the distinction between implicit memory and explicit memory.

Implicit Memory and Aging

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Was ◽  
Dan J. Woltz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Communications Technologies

There is clear evidence that aging has an effect on memory. However, not all memory processes suffer as one ages. In the current chapter, the authors review the distinctions between explicit memory (i.e., effortful storage and retrieval of information) and implicit memory (i.e., learning and memory that do not require conscious effort). They then review the evidence indicating that implicit memory does not decline at the same rate as explicit memory. They authors then discuss the possibility of using implicit memory processes (e.g. procedural memory), to aid explicit memory processes (e.g., declarative memory). Finally, they discuss the need and the opportunity to incorporate information and communications technologies into the lives of older adults in order to support memory and learning.

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