J. J. Gibson’s most radical idea: The development of a new law-based psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Raja
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Ecological Psychology ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Simple Stimulus

J. J. Gibson spent most of his career developing his own theory of perception. The culmination of his work was the ecological approach to visual perception, but during more than three decades he had challenged many of the central concepts of psychology and his own convictions regarding the foundations of perception. In this article I argue that the driving force of the development of ecological psychology was Gibson’s most radical idea: that psychology needs a law-based explanatory strategy at its own scale to be successful. According to Gibson, instead of pursuing explanations based on the patching up of simple stimulus-response events with the postulation of more or less lawful sub-personal mechanisms, psychology needs its own laws at a proper scale to provide legitimate explanations for perception and action.

scholarly journals Optic Flow: Perceiving and Acting in a 3-D World

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166952098725
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Many ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Radical Ideas

In 1979, James Gibson completed his third and final book “The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception”. That book can be seen as the synthesis of the many radical ideas he proposed over the previous 30 years – the concept of information and its sufficiency, the necessary link between perception and action, the need to see perception in relation to an animal's particular ecological niche and the meanings (affordances) offered by the visual world. One of the fundamental concepts that lies beyond all of Gibson's thinking is that of optic flow: the constantly changing patterns of light that reach our eyes and the information it provides. My purpose in writing this paper has been to evaluate the legacy of Gibson's conceptual ideas and to consider how his ideas have influenced and changed the way we study perception.

Exploring the Effect of Virtual Robot Acceleration on Perceived Competitiveness/ Cooperativeness, Animacy, and Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1595-1599
Author(s):  
Jordan Sasser ◽  
Fernando Montalvo ◽  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
P. A. Hancock ◽  
Daniel S. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Virtual Human ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Direct Social Perception

Prior research has indicated that perception of acceleration may be a direct process. This direct process may be conceptually linked to the ecological approach to visual perception and a further extension of direct social perception. The present study examines the effects of perception of acceleration in virtual reality on participants’ perceived attributes (perceived intelligence and animacy) of a virtual human-like robot agent and perceived agent competitive/cooperativeness. Perceptual judgments were collected after experiencing one of the five different conditions dependent on the participant’s acceleration: mirrored acceleration, faster acceleration, slowed acceleration, varied acceleration resulting in a win, and varied acceleration resulting in a loss. Participants experienced each condition twice in a counterbalanced fashion. The focus of the experiment was to determine whether different accelerations influenced perceptual judgments of the observers. Results suggest that faster acceleration was perceived as more competitive and slower acceleration was reported as low in animacy and perceived intelligence.

The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
James J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Ecological Approach

scholarly journals Educator perspectives on factors influencing children’s school-based physical activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Domville ◽  
Paula M Watson ◽  
Dave J Richardson ◽  
Lee E F Graves
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Intrapersonal Factors ◽  
School Based ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Interpersonal Level

Summary Formative research is an important first step in the design and development of children’s school-based physical activity (PA) interventions. Exploration of educator [headteacher and physical education (PE)-co-ordinator] perceptions toward the promotion of school-based PA, including PE delivery has however been limited. This study took a socio-ecological approach to explore the barriers and facilitators of children’s school-based PA from the perspective of school educators. Interviews were conducted with headteachers (n = 4), PE-co-ordinators (n = 4) and a deputy headteacher (n = 1) and data thematically analysed using Nvivo software (version 10). Findings suggested that, at an organizational level headteachers were the predominant driving force in the promotion of PA opportunities, yet institutional barriers including low priority for PA and PE were perceived to negate delivery. At an interpersonal level, strategies to increase the delivery of school-based PA were developed, however poor teacher-coach relationships and significant others reduced PA promotion opportunities. Child PA was further negated through intrapersonal factors, including lack of PE-specific teacher training and varying teacher interest in PA and sport. To increase primary school children’s school-based PA, barriers and facilitators at the organizational, interpersonal and intrapersonal level must be considered and targeted and researchers and schools should work in partnership to develop future interventions.

Perception and action planning: Getting it together

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-908
Author(s):  
David A. Westwood ◽  
Melvyn A. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Visuomotor Processing ◽  
Action And Perception ◽  
High Level

Hommel et al. propose that high-level perception and action planning share a common representational domain, which facilitates the control of intentional actions. On the surface, this point of view appears quite different from an alternative account that suggests that “action” and “perception” are functionally and neurologically dissociable processes. But it is difficult to reconcile these apparently different perspectives, because Hommel et al. do not clearly specify what they mean by “perception” and “action planning.” With respect to the visual control of action, a distinction must be made between conscious visual perception and unconscious visuomotor processing. Hommel et al. must also distinguish between the what and how aspects of action planning, that is, planning what to do versus planning how to do it.

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