scholarly journals Comparison of Ear Notch Immunohistochemistry, Ear Notch Antigen-Capture ELISA, and Buffy Coat Virus Isolation for Detection of Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Cornish ◽  
Alberto L. van Olphen ◽  
Jacqueline L. Cavender ◽  
Joan M. Edwards ◽  
Paula T. Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Antigen Capture ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Two techniques performed on skin biopsy samples (ear notches), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and antigen-capture ELISA (AgELISA), were compared for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistent infection (PI) in 559 Angus calves between the ages of 1 and 5 months. The calves also were tested for BVDV infection using virus isolation (VI) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR on buffy coat samples and for antibodies to BVDV types 1a and 2 by serum neutralization (SN). Sixty-seven of 559 (12.0%) calves tested positive at initial screening by IHC, AgELISA, or VI, and all 67 were kept for a minimum of 3 months and retested monthly by IHC, AgELISA, VI, RT-PCR, and SN. Of the calves positive at initial screening, 59/67 (88.1%) were determined PI and 8/67 (11.9%) were determined acutely infected. Both IHC and AgELISA detected 100% of PI calves; however, IHC and AgELISA also detected 6 and 8 acutely infected calves, respectively, at initial screening. Furthermore, IHC and AgELISA continued to detect 3 and 4 acutely infected calves, respectively, 3 months after initial screening. Three acutely infected calves had IHC staining indistinguishable from PI calves at initial screening. Both IHC and AgELISA are accurate at detecting BVDV-infected calves, but veterinarians and producers should be advised that both tests detect some calves acutely infected with BVDV in addition to PI animals. Repeat testing using VI or RT-PCR on buffy coat samples should be performed at 30 days after initial screening to conclusively discriminate between acute and PI.

scholarly journals Is contamination of bovine-sourced material with bovine viral diarrhea virus still a problem in countries with ongoing eradication campaigns?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Michał Bednarski ◽  
Michał Konrad Krzysiak ◽  
Julia Kęsik-Maliszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

AbstractIn this report, we describe the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contamination in commercial animal-derived sera and vaccines against animal viral pathogens on the market in Poland. Antibodies against BVDV were detected in 4/45 sera samples (8.9%) using an ELISA test. The presence of BVDV antigen using ELISA was found using ELISA in 3/45 serum samples (6.6%) and 18/172 vaccine samples (10.5%). An RT-PCR was conducted using primers targeting two genome regions, the five prime untranslated region (5’UTR) and N-terminal protease (Npro). BVDV RNA was detected in 33/45 (73.3%) of sera, and 11/172 samples (6.4%) of collected vaccines, of which one vaccine did not declare BVDV strain in its composition. A single serum showed the presence of an infectious virus and only one was contaminated with all 3 species of BVDV. The most frequent species in sera was BVDV-3 (75.5%), whereas in vaccines only BVDV-1 was identified. Sequence analysis showed that the tested commercial sera and one vaccine were contaminated by six genotypes of BVDV: -1a, -1b, -1c, -1d, -2a, and -3. Identification of BVDV and its genetic material in animal-derived products is important due to the possibility of pestivirus transmission as well as the chance of falsifying the results of a diagnostic test. It also demonstrates the necessity of rigorous monitoring of the bioproducts used in the laboratory and industry level.

scholarly journals Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, type 2 and HoBi-like pestivirus

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Mari ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
Maria Stella Lucente ◽  
Eleonora Lorusso ◽  
Gabriella Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals First Evidence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Wild Boars

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Nunes Weber ◽  
Eloisa Helena Moreira Pino ◽  
Carine Kunzler Souza ◽  
Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena ◽  
José Paulo Hiroji Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Background: The farming of wild boars has growing due to the interest of the human consumption of this exotic meat. Such a development may pose an increased risk of disease transmission between boars and domestic animals. The wild boar population has increased in South America in the last years due the absence of predator causing economic losses due to direct damage to crops and risk of disease transmission. The genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae are composed by four recognized species by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2). Other putative species denoted as atypical pesitiviruses have been reported as ‘HoBi’-like virus, giraffe pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus, Pronghorn antelope virus, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), Norwegian rat pestivirus (NrPV) and Rhinolophus affinis bat pestivirus (RaPestV-1). CSFV is commonly detected in wild boars, but despite positive serology, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was never detected in this animal species. Thereby, the present communication describes the first detection of BVDV in the lungs of captive boars using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lung samples from farmed wild boars were collected after slaughter in a commercial abattoir. The organs were crushed separately, centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored for further analysis. The total RNA was isolated using a phenol-based protocol and RT-PCR protocol that amplified 118 bp of 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) was carried out. One out 40 samples resulted positive. The positive sample had partial fragments of 5’UTR and N terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequenced and analyzed. The strain LV Java/2012 presented 99% of identity in 5’UTR and 98% in Npro region with a BVDV-2 previously reported in bovines in Southern Brazil. In both 5’UTR and Npro phylogenetic analysis, the strain LV Java/2015 clustered with BVDV-2 strains and was most closely related to subtype 2b identified in bovines in Southern Brazil grouping in the same terminal node.Discussion: Wild boars are commonly associated to pathogen transmission to domestic animals. This animal species is considered a reservoir of the pestivirus CSFV and important keys in CSFV control and eradication programs in Europe. Despite indirect presence of BVDV was reported in wild boars by serology tests, the direct detection of the viral agent was never reported. The present study showed the presence of BVDV-2 genomic segments obtained by RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing in captive wild boars. The reported data suggests a possible importance of this animal species in the epidemiology of ruminant pestiviruses which could interfere in control and eradication programs of these important pathogens for cattle worldwide. The strain LV Java/2012 was closely related to BVDV-2b and presented highest identity with a strain detected in cattle from Southern Brazil. This data suggests that wild boars and bovines could be sharing this pathogen due the similarity of the strains and that both were reported in the same region. It can lead to need of inclusion of wild swines in BVDV control programs since boars can circulate between different regions and carry this pathogen to different cattle herds. The present study reported the first molecular evidence of BVDV in wild boars in the literature. The data generated herein suggests a possible importance of boars in the epidemiology of ruminant pestiviruses.

scholarly journals Sequential exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine coronavirus results in increased respiratory disease lesions: clinical, immunologic, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-526
Author(s):  
Julia F. Ridpath ◽  
Robert W. Fulton ◽  
Fernando V. Bauermann ◽  
Shollie M. Falkenberg ◽  
Jenny Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine coronaviruses (BoCVs) have been found in respiratory tissues in cattle and frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD); however, pathogenesis studies in calves are limited. To characterize the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of BoCV isolates, we used 5 different BoCV strains to inoculate colostrum-deprived calves, ~ 2–5 wk of age. Later, to determine if dual viral infection would potentiate pathogenicity of BoCV, calves were inoculated with BoCV alone, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) alone, or a series of dual-infection (BVDV–BoCV) schemes. A negative control group was included in all studies. Clinical signs and body temperature were monitored during the study and samples collected for lymphocyte counts, virus isolation, and serology. During autopsy, gross lesions were recorded and fixed tissues collected for histopathology and immunohistochemistry; fresh tissues were collected for virus isolation. Results suggest increased pathogenicity for isolate BoCV OK 1776. Increased body temperature was found in all virus-inoculated groups. Lung lesions were present in calves in all dual-infection groups; however, lesions were most pronounced in calves inoculated with BVDV followed by BoCV inoculation 6 d later. Lung lesions were consistent with mild-to-moderate interstitial pneumonia, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of BoCV antigen. Our studies demonstrated that BVDV–BoCV dual infection may play an important role in BRD pathogenesis, and timing between infections seems critical to the severity of lesions.

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