The value of computer aided detection system for mammography in the fatty breast: the results of the single-centered, prospective, randomized clinical trial

Aim. To assess the reasonability to use CAD added to mammography with subsequent targeted ultrasound (US) of CAD markings in patients with low-density (ACR A-В) breasts.Materials and methods. In the prospective study we included 2326 women with low breast density. They were randomized for CAD (MammCheck II of our own design) checking with subsequent targeted US (MMG + CAD group) or without CAD (MMG only group). After the initial screening we performed the 3-year follow-up phase.Results. Totally, during the primary screening in the MMG only group we found 77 breast cancers (BCs) (28,57% of them sized less than 1 cm), in the MMG + CAD group – 69 BCs (36,23% of them sized less than 1 cm), р > 0.05. The suspicious lesion was identified only during the targeted US of the CAD marking in 4 of 25 women in the MMG + CAD group, and all these BCs were below 1 cm in size. During the subsequent follow-up in the MMG only group we found 5 additional BCs, with no such cases in the MMG + CAD group (p < 0.05). Three of these five BCs were retrospectively marked by CAD. The only visible BC that was not marked by CAD was 3 mm in size.Discussion. The overall false positive marking rate was 0.31 и 0.28 per film-screen and digital image, respectively (р > 0.05).Conclusion. The CAD usage added to mammography with subsequent targeted US of markings in patients with low-density (ACR A-В) breast is reasonable due to the significant decrease of the BC rate diagnosed during the 3-year follow-up. This combination detected 77 of the 77 (100.00%) BCs compared to 69 of 74 (93.24%) BCs when only mammography used.

Newborn hearing loss in the south of China: a cross-sectional study

Objective Newborn hearing screening can identify congenital deafness and hearing loss. The current status of newborn hearing screening in the south of China is unclear. We aimed to assess the hearing loss of newborns in Dongguan, China. Methods A total of 62,545 newborns were enrolled in this retrospective, cross-sectional study between September 2015 and August 2020. The screening procedure was carried out using a two-step hearing screening. The trends were examined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Results From 2015 to 2020, the total initial newborn hearing screening rate was 98.16%, and it significantly increased over time (Z = 2.488). The initial screening pass rate of newborns was 90.08%, and no significant difference was observed in the initial screening pass rate between different years (Z = 0.845). After two-step hearing screening, the overall hearing screening pass rate of newborns was 94.65%. The overall hearing screening pass rate in normal newborns was higher than that in high-risk newborns (95.70% vs. 93.59%). Conclusion The initial newborn hearing screening rate increased yearly in the study period, but there was still an approximately 10% referral rate. The initial screening pass rate in China needs to be further improved.

Adding Person-Centered Measures to Research on Detection and Diagnosis of Dementia

In the United States, numerous studies on detection and diagnosis of dementia show that large proportions of subjects refuse initial screening tests. Moreover, among those who accept the tests, score poorly, and are therefore referred for a diagnostic evaluation, large proportions do not follow up to get the evaluation. Available data on characteristics of subjects who refuse initial screening and follow-up evaluation suggest that incorporating procedures based on person-centered concepts and practices, such as procedures that acknowledge individuals’ unique characteristics and attempt to involve, enable, and empower them, could lead to more effective detection and diagnosis. Based on results of an analysis of measures used in studies conducted in the U.S. and elsewhere, this presentation will describe frequently used measures and identify person-centered measures that could be added to studies of alternate procedures intended to increase detection and diagnosis.

Clinical Features of Early Stage COVID-19 in a Primary Care Setting

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a global healthcare crisis. Nevertheless, the majority of COVID-19 cases involve mild to moderate symptoms in the early stages. The lack of information relating to these cases necessitates further investigation.Methods: Patients visiting the outpatient clinic at the Kamagaya General Hospital were screened by interview and body temperature check. After initial screening, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was suspected in 481 patients who then underwent blood tests and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for SARS-CoV-2. Clinical characteristics between positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 groups were compared. Further, the novel predictive value of routine blood test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated using ROC analysis.Results: A total of 15,560 patients visited our hospital during the study period. After exclusion and initial screening by interview, 481 patients underwent the LAMP test and routine blood tests. Of these patients, 69 (14.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosed with COVID-19 (positive group), and 412 (85.7%) were negative (negative group). The median period between the first onset of symptoms and visit to our hospital was 3.4 and 2.9 days in the negative and positive groups, respectively. Cough (p = 0.014), rhinorrhea (p = 0.039), and taste disorders (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly more common in the positive group, while gastrointestinal symptoms in the negative group (p = 0.043). The white blood cell count (p &lt; 0.001), neutrophil count (p &lt; 0.001), and percentage of neutrophils (p &lt; 0.001) were higher in the negative group. The percentage of monocytes (p &lt; 0.001) and the levels of ferritin (p &lt; 0.001) were higher in the positive group. As per the predictive values for COVID-19 using blood tests, the values for the area under the curve for the neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), white blood cell-to-hemoglobin ratio (WHR), and the product of the two (NMWH) were 0.857, 0.837, and 0.887, respectively.Conclusion: Symptoms in early stage COVID-19 patients were similar to those in previous reports. Some blood test results were not consistent with previous reports. NMR, WHR, and NMWH are novel diagnostic scores in early-stage mild-symptom COVID-19 patients in primary care settings.

Screening of Anaesthetics in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the Induction of Euthanasia by Overdose

Zebrafish are often euthanized by overdose of anaesthesia. However, fish may have aversion towards some anaesthetics, and protocol efficacy varies between species. Using wild type adult Danio rerio, we assessed time to loss of opercular beat, righting, and startle reflexes during induction of anaesthetic overdose by either tricaine (0.5 g/L or 1 g/L), benzocaine (1 g/L), 2-phenoxyethanol (3 mL/L), clove oil (0.1%), isoeugenol (540 mg/L), lidocaine hydrochloride (1 g/L), or etomidate (50 mg/L). Initial screening demonstrated that benzocaine and buffered lidocaine hydrochloride achieved the fastest loss of reflexes. The rapid induction times were confirmed when retesting using larger batches of fish. The fastest induction was obtained with 1 g/L lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 2 g/L NaHCO3, in which all adult zebrafish lost reflexes in less than 2 min. Next, we monitored signs of distress during benzocaine or buffered lidocaine hydrochloride overdose induction. The results indicated that buffered lidocaine hydrochloride caused significantly less aversive behaviors than benzocaine. Finally, we tested several buffers to refine the lidocaine hydrochloride immersion. The most efficient buffer for euthanasia induction using 1g/L lidocaine hydrochloride was 2 g/L NaHCO3 with 50 mL/L 96% ethanol, inducing immobility in less than 10 s and with only 2% of adult zebrafish displaying aversive behaviors during treatment.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science has been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind review 1. As a first step, SESBT 2021 flyer was prepared along with the design of a dedicated website www.vitsesbt.com was launched. All necessary information related to SESBT 2021 namely About the Conference, Call for Papers, Keynote Speakers, Committee, Registration, Key Dates and Contact Information was made available in the website together with the option of sharing latest updates. Information related to call for papers were then shared with the research, academic and industrial communities through email and social media. 2. A team comprising of the guest editors and members of the organizing and technical committees screened all the received abstracts (prepared following the conference template) and shortlisted those related to the conference theme and its novelty. The team decided on the acceptance or rejection of the abstracts and the decision was communicated to the authors through our conference email [email protected] 3. Along with the acceptance email, the authors were requested to prepare their full length paper (following the conference template) and submit the same to [email protected] on or before July 6, 2021. 4. Based on the first come first serve basis, plagiarism check was carried out on the received manuscripts by the guest editors using TURNITIN software. Those manuscripts with less than 15% plagiarism alone were accepted for the initial screening process that was carried out by the same team which screened the abstracts. 5. As part of the initial screening process, every manuscript underwent a rigorous review (Review 1) to ensure novelty, good technical content, methodology, clear experimental / computational procedures and significant results. 6. The guest editors then forwarded the comments received after Review 1 to all authors with regard to either restructuring their paper or towards including more results in their work, before their first revised submission. 7. All authors were then invited to present their research work in the conference. A total of 20 parallel paper presentation sessions were scheduled and each session was chaired by 2 experts. The session chairs were provided with the RUBRICS for their evaluation. 8. Revised manuscripts after incorporating the suggestions by session chairs were sent for an elaborate review (Review 2). In order to make the review process more stringent, a separate reviewer form was designed and provided to the reviewers along with the manuscript to be reviewed. 9. The decision by the reviewers was strictly adhered and those manuscripts recommended by them alone were sent to authors requesting them to submit the final revised manuscript prepared using the IOP EES template provided to them. 10. The authors were requested to incorporate the suggestions provided by both reviewers and session chairs and then submit their final revised manuscript in 2 different files (one with the corrections highlighted and the other without highlighted). 11. The received final revised manuscripts were cross verified for incorporation of reviewer’s comments and then checked for plagiarism (less than 15%) once again. Upon successful verification, the manuscripts were finally transferred to the publisher through their FTP server on 31st August 2021. • Conference submission management system: [email protected] • Number of submissions received: 124 full length papers • Number of submissions sent for review: 90 papers • Number of submissions accepted: 41 papers • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 33.06 % • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 Reviewers • Total number of reviewers involved: 85 Reviewers • Any additional info on review process: All manuscripts after undergoing plagiarism check had been double-blind peer reviewed by two reviewers and based on their comments; the revised manuscripts were submitted by authors for final publication. • Contact persons for queries: Dr. M.B. SHYAM KUMAR & Dr. R. HARISH (CONVENERS – SESBT 2021) Dr. K. KARUNAMURTHY, Dr. M. FEROSKHAN, & Dr. N. GOBINATH (CO-CONVENERS – SESBT 2021) SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SMEC), VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (VIT) CHENNAI, VANDALUR – KELAMBAKKAM ROAD, MELAKOTTAIYUR, CHENNAI, INDIA - 600 127. Mobile : 9444465447, 9494823730, 9884032820, 9994664044, 7200339972 Email : [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected]

Solubility of Luteolin and Other Polyphenolic Compounds in Water, Nonpolar, Polar Aprotic and Protic Solvents by Applying FTIR/HPLC

In recent years, flavonoids have become a highly researched topic due to their health beneficial effects. Since flavonoids’ solubility plays a significant role in their use in pharmaceutical, food, biological, and chemical areas, the determination of suitable solvents is crucial. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to characterize functional groups of several flavonoids and phenolic compounds, namely luteolin, hesperidin, quercetin, naringenin, gallic acid and tannic acid. Concentration dependence on transmittance was evaluated for these compounds in ethanol. Afterwards, luteolin was chosen as a model flavonoid, with its concentration correlated with transmittance using 15 solvents with different polarities. Luteolin solubility was further corroborated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results shed light on using FTIR as a semi-quantitative method for the initial screening of solvents and the solubility of different compounds while saving time and solvents. Hence, HPLC would only be needed as a final step for the most promising solvents.