scholarly journals Environmental Air Sampling to Detect Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus in Two California Commercial Poultry Flocks

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Hietala ◽  
Pamela J. Hullinger ◽  
Beate M. Crossley ◽  
Hailu Kinde ◽  
Alex A. Ardans
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Environmental Air

The 2002–2003 Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) outbreak in Southern California poultry provided an opportunity to evaluate environmental air sampling as an efficient and cost-effective means of sampling flocks for detection of a circulating virus. Exotic Newcastle Disease virus was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR from air samples collected using a wetted-wall cyclone-style air sampler placed within 2 m of birds in 2 commercial flocks suspected of being naturally exposed to END virus during the outbreak. Exotic Newcastle Disease virus was detected after 2 hours of air sampling the poultry-house environments of the 2 naturally infected flocks.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Umali ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Terumasa Suzuki ◽  
Kazutoshi Shirota ◽  
Hiromitsu Katoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Health and Genetic Impacts of Releasing Confiscated Passerines Into the Wild: A Reduced-Risk Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Gustavo R. Funkler ◽  
André L. S. Zani ◽  
Paulo G. C. Wagner ◽  
Inês Andretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree

The illegal capture and trade of wild birds have long been threats to biodiversity. The rehabilitation and release of confiscated animals may be a useful conservation tool in species management. However, differences between populations regarding health (e.g., different pathogens) and adaptation (e.g., local adaptation) must be taken into account, since both can negatively impact the recipient population. In this pilot study, we used two of the most illegally trafficked Brazilian wild passerine species, namely the red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata) and green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) as case studies and assessed some of the health threats that the release of confiscated passerines may pose to free-living birds. We also investigated the level of difference in mitochondrial genetic structure among populations living in different ecoregions. Blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from confiscated (n = 115) and free-living (n = 120) passerines from the release sites were tested for the Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. These are considered major avian diseases by the Brazilian National Avian Health Program. We analyzed mtDNA to study the difference in genetic structure between populations using samples from 127 free-living passerines. We found no evidence of the Newcastle disease virus or Salmonella spp. in confiscated or free-living passerines from either species. However, the levels of infection with M. galissepticum detected in our study for red-crested cardinals and green-winged saltators calls for a high degree of caution in captive release programs. The difference in genetic structure between populations occurring in different regions was low, and was not significant between those from the Pampa/Subtropical Grasslands region. These results suggest that it may be possible to establish a cost-effective and sensitive protocol for releasing confiscated songbirds, provided that further genome-wide studies indicate that the functional genetic diversity among (at least some of the) populations is also low.

scholarly journals A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Sun ◽  
Stephen McCroskery ◽  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Sarah R. Leist ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Global Scale

A successful SARS-CoV-2 vaccine must be not only safe and protective but must also meet the demand on a global scale at low cost. Using the current influenza virus vaccine production capacity to manufacture an egg-based inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV)/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would meet that challenge. Here, we report pre-clinical evaluations of an inactivated NDV chimera stably expressing the membrane-anchored form of the spike (NDV-S) as a potent COVID-19 vaccine in mice and hamsters. The inactivated NDV-S vaccine was immunogenic, inducing strong binding and/or neutralizing antibodies in both animal models. More importantly, the inactivated NDV-S vaccine protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 infections or significantly attenuated SARS-CoV-2 induced disease. In the presence of an adjuvant, antigen-sparing could be achieved, which would further reduce the cost while maintaining the protective efficacy of the vaccine.

scholarly journals Serological Survey of Newcastle Disease in Free Ranging Local Chickens in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Akawu Anzaku ◽  
Jariath Umoh Umoh ◽  
Paul Ayuba Abdu ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Akawu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Local Chickens ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A serological survey was carried out in four area councils (Abuja Municipal, Kuje, Gwagwalada, and Kwali) of the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in local chickens using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. In each area council, one hundred sera samples were collected from apparently healthy local chickens with no history of vaccination. Abuja Municipal, Kuje, Gwagwalada, and Kwali area councils had prevalence of 37, 44, 79, and 68%, respectively. The overall prevalence of antibody to Newcastle disease in the four area councils was 57%. This study shows that Newcastle disease virus is circulating in local chickens in the study area, and this may pose a serious threat to the commercial poultry industry within these four area councils of the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) where this study was carried out.

scholarly journals A Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing a Membrane-Anchored Spike as a Cost-Effective Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Weina Sun ◽  
Stephen McCroskery ◽  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Sarah R. Leist ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Global Scale

A successful severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine must not only be safe and protective, but must also meet the demand on a global scale at a low cost. Using the current influenza virus vaccine production capacity to manufacture an egg-based inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV)/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would meet that challenge. Here, we report pre-clinical evaluations of an inactivated NDV chimera stably expressing the membrane-anchored form of the spike (NDV-S) as a potent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in mice and hamsters. The inactivated NDV-S vaccine was immunogenic, inducing strong binding and/or neutralizing antibodies in both animal models. More importantly, the inactivated NDV-S vaccine protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the presence of an adjuvant, antigen-sparing could be achieved, which would further reduce the cost while maintaining the protective efficacy of the vaccine.

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