Use of Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Drugs in Hospital and Outpatient Settings in Hong Kong

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace SN Lau ◽  
Juliana CN Chan ◽  
Pauline LM Chu ◽  
Dylan CK Tse ◽  
Julian AJH Critchley
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Outpatient Settings

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usage patterns of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs and to identify any discordance between recommended management guidelines and clinical practice in two study locations. DESIGN: Prescription survey. SETTING: A government-operated general outpatient clinic (GOPC) and a medical/geriatric specialist clinic (SC) affiliated with a regional hospital in the same district. PATIENTS: Patients presenting with a prescription during the study period at the respective pharmacy were classified as having diabetes if at least one antidiabetic agent was prescribed and as having hypertension if a cardiovascular drug was prescribed in a hypotensive dosage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The pattern of use of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred forty-four consecutive prescriptions were collected in the GOPC, and 1523 in the SC. Of these, 9.4% (n = 107) of patients were classified as having diabetes in the GOPC and 20.4% (n = 310) in the SC (ρ > 0.001). Most patients with diabetes were taking oral hypoglycemic agents (98.1% in GOPC vs. 84.5% in SC). Glibenclamide was the sulfonylurea used most often as monotherapy in both settings (50.5% in GOPC vs. 40.6% in SC). The combined use of a sulfonylurea with metformin was common in both settings (22.4% in GOPC vs. 28.4% in SC). Metformin monotherapy (1.9% in GOPC vs. 2.6% in

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in the world and in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
N. B. Zelinska ◽  
K. V. Grishchenko ◽  
E. V. Globa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Introduction. Recently, many studies have been devoted to the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) worldwide. In most countries of the world, the increase in the prevalence of DM2 among children and adolescents is accompanied by an increase in childhood obesity. The presence of obesity or overweight in children can complicate the diagnosis of various types of DM. Detection and treatment of DM2 is extremely important for the society due to the wide range of severe diabetes complications.The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of DM2 according to the Register of patients with DM, and to determine the state of glycemic control in children with DM2. Materials and methods. An analysis of glycemic control in children with DM2 who received various treatment regimens: with diet and lifestyle modifications, or with additional oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin monotherapy, or combination with insulin therapy). The glycemic control was assessed by measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Results. According to the data Register in Ukraine, the prevalence of DM among children has a tendency to rise — from 8.6 per 10 thousand children in 2005, to 13.14 — in 2019 year. The prevalence of DM2 in 2019 was 0.47 % of all cases of DM, and its prevalence contained 0.062 per 10 thousand children under 19 years of age with significant differences in the frequency of its diagnosis in different regions of Ukraine. We analyzed the state of glycemic control in children with DM2 aged from 9 up to 19 years old (Me 16.2 [15.5; 18.0]), with a  disease duration 0.5—12 years (Me 4.5 [1.0] ; 7.5]). The age of diagnosis of DM2 was 2-17 years old (Me 11.7 [8.5; 15.0]), and 91.3 % of patients had obesity. Diet and lifestyle modifications were used in 34.8 % of patients, metformin monotherapy in 52.2 %, and metformin and insulin combination therapy in 13 % of patients. HbA1c values ​​ranged from 5.0 to 11.4 % (Me 7.2 % [5,8; 8,0]). The proportion of children who had ideal or optimal glycemic control (HbA1c 7.0—7.5 %) was 52.2 %, suboptimal (HbA1c 7.6—9.0 %) — 39.1 %, high-risk glycemic control (HbA1c> 9.1 %) — 8.7 % of children. The most unsatisfactory HbA1c levels ​​were registered in children who received metformin in combination with insulin (Me 10.6 % [10,15; 11,4]). Chronic complications of DM2 have not been reported.Conclusions. We found a low prevalence of DM2 among the pediatric population in Ukraine, more likely due to the low quality of its detection among children diagnosed with DM, as well as among children among high risk groups. Most children with DM 2 were obese. The majority of patients with DM2 (52.2 %) received metformin monotherapy, more than a third did not receive oral hypoglycemic agents. In most children with DM2 (52,2 %), the state of glycemic control corresponded to the optimal (< 7.5 %), but higher levels of HbA1c were found children who received metformin in combination with insulin.

scholarly journals Vascular Complications and Long-Term Administration of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

1978 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA OHNEDA ◽  
YOSHISUKE MARUHAMA ◽  
HIROSHI ITABASHI ◽  
SHIN-ICHI OIKAWA ◽  
TAKASHI KOBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals Immunological Hypoglycemia Associated with Insulin Antibodies Induced by Exogenous Insulin in 11 Chinese Patients with Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Quan ◽  
Huiwen Tan ◽  
Qianrui Li ◽  
Jianwei Li ◽  
Sheyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Insulin Antibodies ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Use

Aims. To investigate the characteristics of immunological hypoglycemia associated with insulin antibodies (IAbs) induced by exogenous insulin in Chinese patients with diabetes.Methods. The clinical data of patients with immunological hypoglycemia due to IAbs were retrospectively analyzed by screening patients with diabetes discharged from West China Hospital from 2007 to 2013.Results. A total of 11 patients (eight men and three women) were identified. Insulin-C-peptide separation was found in all patients via insulin and C-peptide release test. Previous insulin use was ceased after admission and was switched to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) (8/11), lifestyle modification only (2/11), or regular human insulin (1/11). Hypoglycemia was ameliorated after a median of 20 days (interquartile range [IQR], 11–40), while IAbs turned negative after a median of 17 months (IQR, 4–19), and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels dropped substantially after a median of 22 months (IQR, 9–32) in these cases.Conclusions. In insulin-treated patients with unexpected and refractory hypoglycemia even after insulin therapy was gradually reduced or even withdrawn, IAbs induced by exogenous insulin should be considered, and insulin withdrawal might be promptly needed. The course of immunological hypoglycemia was benign and self-limited.

Pharmacoepidemiological profiles of oral hypoglycemic agents among 28,773 Chinese patients with diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C.S. Wong ◽  
Alice P.S. Kong ◽  
W.Y. So ◽  
Shelly L.A. Tse ◽  
Harry H.X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in patients with diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
I G Sitnikov ◽  
V Kh Fazylov ◽  
E V Silina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Purpose of the study. The study of the influenza and ARVI clinical performance, the development of patients with diabetes mellitus, evaluation of the effectiveness and safety application of antiviral therapy, carried out in the framework of routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. 126 patients aged from 22 to 83 years (27.8% of men) with ARVI or influenza that occurred with medical care during the first 5 days of the disease (60.3% in the first 48 hours) are included. All patients suffer from diabetes, for the treatment of which oral hypoglycemic agents or insulins were constantly taken. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group received standard symptomatic treatment of ARVI; antiviral drug Kagocel. Results and conclusion. Diabetes and other acute respiratory viral infections. There is an increase in the incidence of bacterial complications - 2.2 times, an increase in the frequency of systemic antibiotics - 2.3 times. The purpose of the drug prescription led to a more rapid regression of all the symptoms of influenza and ARVI, but the most striking positive dynamics was observed in the symptoms of general weakness and headache. The prescription of Kagocel was accompanied by a 58% reduction in the number of bacterial complications and a 53% reduction in the use of antibiotics, which led to a reduction in the number of cases of the disease and an improvement in initial diseases, with an frequency increase in 1.8 times. The most significant effect achieved with early treatment and early initiation of antiviral therapy (in the first 48 hours of the disease).

scholarly journals GLYCEMIC BEHAVIOR IN 48 HOURS POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND NON DIABETIC SUBMITTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Freitas de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Caroline Gewehr TISOTT ◽  
Diego Machado SILVANO ◽  
Camila Mafalda Mouta CAMPOS ◽  
Ricardo Reis do NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Although there is no indication for surgery taking only into account the glycemic condition, results have shown that benefits can be obtained in glycemic control with bariatric surgery. Aim : To compare the glycemic behavior among type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients within 48 h after bariatric surgery, and clarify whether there is a reduction in blood glucose level in obese patients with diabetes before the loss of weight excess. Methods : Descriptive epidemiological study with prospective cohort design with 31 obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The patients were controlled with hemoglucotests in different periods of time: preoperative, postoperative and each 6 h after surgery for 48 h. Results : Average ambulatory blood glucose in diabetics was 120.7±2.9 mg/dl vs 91.8±13.9 mg/dl in the nondiabetic. After 48 h there was decrease in diabetics to 100.0±17.0 mg/dl (p=0.003), while the non-diabetic group did not change significantly (102.7±25.4 mg/dl; p=0.097). There were no differences between the surgical techniques. There were no death. Conclusions : Diabetic patients significantly reduced blood glucose after surgery regardless of the use of exogenous insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.

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