Green Transition of Iron Cities: A Comparative Case Study of Kitakyushu and Pohang

2021 ◽  
pp. 107049652110637
Author(s):  
Hanbee Lee ◽  
Eunkyoung Choi ◽  
Eungkyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This comparative case study explores why two cities similar in socio-economic factors diverge in their pathways to environmental improvement. Our research looks at the changing local economies and environmental pollution problems facing Kitakyushu in Japan and Pohang in South Korea. Both cities drove their nations’ rapid economic growth as the main heavy industry hubs but have performed radically differently vis-à-vis public demands for environmental improvement despite sharing much in common. Employing the advocacy coalition framework as a main analytical tool, we examine the unfolding of policy efforts to turn a manufacturing-oriented industrial city into a “greener” city responding to environmental objectives and the respective outcomes. The research reveals that variations in regulatory decentralization, external events and coalition opportunity structures largely explain the observed discrepancy in green transition between the two settings. Our findings contribute to expanding scarce case study literature illustrating the mechanisms that can underpin environmental improvements in cities that have served as the location of heavy industries and offer suggestions for advancing them.

scholarly journals Contributions to Transformative Change in Cambodia: A Study on Returnees as Institutional Entrepreneurs

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gea D. M. Wijers
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Transnational Social Networks

This paper explores the experiences of Cambodian French returnees who are contributing to transformative change in Cambodia as institutional entrepreneurs. In order to delve into how returnees and their work are perceived in both host and home country, this multi-sited research project was designed as a comparative case study. Data was primarily collected through conversations with individual informants from the Lyonnese and Parisian Cambodian community as well as selected key informants in Phnom Penh. Excerpts of case studies are presented and discussed to illustrate the history, context and situation of their return as these influence their institutional entrepreneurial activities and the ways in which they use their transnational social networks as resources. It is argued that the process of return and the initiation of institutional entrepreneurship are best explored through the threefold activities of returnees’ brokering, bargaining and building for transformative change as affected by (trans)national opportunity structures and institutions.

scholarly journals Overcoming the Limits of Legal Opportunity Structures: LGBT Rights’ Divergent Paths in Costa Rica and Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Wilson ◽  
Camila Gianella-Malca
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACTCosta Rica and Colombia, two of the earliest Latin American countries to protect many LGBT rights, attempted to amplify those rights and litigate same-sex marriage (SSM) in mid-2000s; however, these attempts sparked a major anti-LGBT backlash by religious and conservative organizations. Yet a decade later, Colombia legalized SSM while Costa Rica still lacks the right to SSM. Using a most-similar systems comparative case study, this study engages the judicial politics literature to explain this divergent outcome. It details how courts, while staying receptive to many individual LGBT rights claims, deferred SSM legalization to popularly elected branches. In spite of the lack of legislative success in both countries, in Colombia a new litigation strategy harnessed that deference to craft a litigated route to legalized SSM. In Costa Rica, the courts’ lack of conditions or deadlines has left SSM foundering in the congress.

The consequences of timing norms and term limits on local agency

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110494
Author(s):  
Lucinda David
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Large Research

Incorporating time as a unit of analysis can enrich the study of agency by showing the specific ways in which actors are temporally constrained when responding to economic disturbances. In this paper, this is done by examining how the behavior of actors is affected by timing norms such as term limits that may be associated with an actor's position, as for example, an elected mayor or university vice-chancellor. Institutions such as timing norms and term limits shape, constrain, and enable actors in their efforts to persuade others to mobilize resources toward collective action and institutional change in regions. This paper shows the value of considering timing norms in the study of agency, by presenting a comparative case study of local actors’ responses to the closure of large research and development facilities in two cities in Sweden. Main findings from interview material and supporting documents show that the possibility to renew term limits shape how actors pursue policy initiatives. These initiatives are found to be in sync with the term limits of these actors, particularly in the schedules of policy milestones and operations. However, this paper also finds that actors actively shape these temporal constructs in order to convince other actors to support collective action efforts. This paper contributes to a more time conscious account of agency, with its cases pointing to the importance of investigating institutions with temporal dimensions that help explain how agentic processes are carried out.

The Role of Local Governments in Accommodating Refugees in Indonesia: Investigating Best-Case and Worst-Case Scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Antje Missbach ◽  
Yunizar Adiputera
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
National Government ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Refugee Issues

Abstract This article analyses the “local turn” in refugee governance in Indonesia through a comparative case-study of two cities: Makassar and Jakarta. It compares how these two cities have responded to the obligations to provide alternative accommodation to detention, imposed upon them by the Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees (PR). While the shift to non-custodial community shelters has been widely praised, we discuss issues that arose when the national government shifted the responsibility for providing accommodation for refugees to local governments, without the allocation of the required funds. The outcome has been a general lack of engagement by local governments. By locating this case-study in the wider global trend of “local turns” in the management of refugee issues, we argue that, in Indonesia, the “local turn” in responsibility for refugees is not fostering a protection approach, but has worsened the conditions for refugees.

Factors influencing the performance of routine immunization in urban areas: A comparative case study of two cities in Cameroon: Douala and Yaoundé

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (49) ◽  
pp. 7549-7555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Kwedi Nolna ◽  
Cecile-Renee Bonono ◽  
Moustapha Nsangou Moncher ◽  
Thierry Bindé ◽  
Désiré Nolna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Cities
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