SEEV Modeler: A GUI-Based Tool for the SEEV Model Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-679
Author(s):  
Hansol Rheem ◽  
Kelly S. Steelman ◽  
Robert S. Gutzwiller
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Mathematical Software ◽  
Attention Shifting ◽  
Final Version

The SEEV model of visual scanning offers a quick and easy way of evaluating the attentional demands of various tasks and displays. A SEEV model can be developed without relying on complicated mathematical software or background, making the conceptual model highly accessible. Implementation of SEEV modeling can further be improved by easing the process of running simulations and providing actionable information. In this paper, we showcase the SEEV Modeler, a GUI-based prototype of the computational SEEV model that lowers the technical barriers for human factors practitioners. Furthermore, the prototype’s ability to predict eye movements in dynamic driving scenarios was tested, with an emphasis on the impacts of the attention shifting effort and inhibition of return (IOR) on the model’s prediction performance. The SEEV Modeler produced model fits comparable to those of previous mathematical modeling approaches but also revealed limitations and practical issues to be addressed in the final version.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Return in Fear of Spiders: Discrepant Eye Movement and Reaction Time Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Berdica ◽  
Antje B. M. Gerdes ◽  
Andre Pittig ◽  
Georg W. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Time Data

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a bias against returning the attention to a previously attended location. As a foraging facilitator it is thought to facilitate systematic visual search. With respect to neutral stimuli, this is generally thought to be adaptive, but when threatening stimuli appear in our environment, such a bias may be maladaptive. This experiment investigated the influence of phobia-related stimuli on the IOR effect using a discrimination task. A sample of 50 students (25 high, 25 low in spider fear) completed an IOR task including schematic representations of spiders or butterflies as targets. Eye movements were recorded and to assess discrimination among targets, participants indicated with button presses if targets were spiders or butterflies. Reaction time data did not reveal a significant IOR effect but a significant interaction of group and target; spider fearful participants were faster to respond to spider targets than to butterflies. Furthermore, eye-tracking data showed a robust IOR effect independent of stimulus category. These results offer a more comprehensive assessment of the motor and oculomotor factors involved in the IOR effect.

A New UK Defence Standard For Human Factors Integration (HFI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Corbridge ◽  
Mark Anthony ◽  
David McNeish ◽  
Gareth Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
System Requirements

The development of a new UK Defence Standard for Human Factors Integration is described. This formed one element of an extensive updating of Human Factors Integration guidance within UK MOD. The Standard is to be used for contracts between UK MOD and industry suppliers for Human Factors Integration activities - integral to the development of new and existing military systems. The extant Standard, Defence Standard 00-250 (2008), was deficient in a number of ways and was not well aligned with the evolving internal HFI guidance for MOD personnel. The new Standard, Defence Standard 00-251 (2015), is primarily a process standard. It specifies, in the form of Human Factors Process Requirements, what HFI activities must be undertaken throughout the system lifecycle to manage the human related risks in the development of new systems across the seven HFI domains. It also includes a number of candidate Human Factors User and System Requirements which can be used to specify properties of the system itself. A collaborative approach to the development of the Standard ensured relatively few changes were required, following a period of public consultation, prior to the final version of the Standard being produced.

Drivers' Detection and Identification of Head-up versus Head-down Telltale Warnings in Automobiles

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (17) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Grant ◽  
Raymond J. Kiefer ◽  
Walter W. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Display Condition ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Road Study

Previous automotive head-up display (HUD) research reported in the human factors literature has focused almost exclusively on the presentation of speed information. This paper, however, reports the results of a study which focused on telltale warning detection and identification. In this on-road study, eight younger (21 to 36 years) and eight older (63 to 72 years) drivers were tested. During a short familiarization drive, an unexpected brake telltale was presented up to four times in either a head-up or head-down display condition. The ability of drivers to detect (i.e., visually fixate upon) and identify (i.e., report) the brake telltale was assessed via self-reports and video analysis of the drivers’ eye movements in response to telltale onsets. Later in the study, drivers were explicitly instructed to perform various tasks, including telltale detection, under both display conditions. Detection rates for an expected brake telltale were analyzed. Results of the study suggest that drivers will detect and identify briefly presented telltale warnings sooner, and with greater probability, when they are presented on a HUD as opposed to a conventional head-down display.

Placeholders dissociate two forms of inhibition of return

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Hilchey ◽  
Jay Pratt ◽  
John Christie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Spatial Cueing ◽  
Oculomotor Activity ◽  
Response Target

Decades of research using Posner’s classic spatial cueing paradigm has uncovered at least two forms of inhibition of return (IOR) in the aftermath of an exogenous, peripheral orienting cue. One prominent dissociation concerns the role of covert and overt orienting in generating IOR effects that relate to perception- and action-oriented processes, respectively. Another prominent dissociation concerns the role of covert and overt orienting in generating IOR effects that depend on object- and space-based representation, respectively. Our objective was to evaluate whether these dichotomies are functionally equivalent by manipulating placeholder object presence in the cueing paradigm. By discouraging eye movements throughout, Experiments 1A and 1B validated a perception-oriented form of IOR that depended critically on placeholders. Experiment 2A demonstrated that IOR was robust without placeholders when eye movements went to the cue and back to fixation before the manual response target. In Experiment 2B, we replicated Experiment 2A’s procedures except we discouraged eye movements. IOR was observed, albeit only weakly and significantly diminished relative to when eye movements were involved. We conclude that action-oriented IOR is robust against placeholders but that the magnitude of perception-oriented IOR is critically sensitive to placeholder presence when unwanted oculomotor activity can be ruled out.

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