Exploring Risk for Sexual Recidivism and Treatment Responsivity Through the Lens of Early Trauma

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322110516
Author(s):  
Gwenda M. Willis ◽  
Jill S. Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Recidivism ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Treatment Responsivity ◽  
Early Trauma

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are common in the histories of individuals who have sexually offended. Many risk factors for sexual recidivism resemble symptoms of early trauma, and early trauma may present a responsivity barrier to engagement in offense-focused treatment. Using the ACE scale, the current study aimed to (i) examine relationships between ACE scores and static and dynamic risk assessment scores, (ii) examine whether ACE scores differ between treatment completers versus noncompleters, and finally (iii) examine whether ACE scores predict treatment noncompletion. ACE scores were retrospectively coded from files of adult men receiving community-based assessment and/or treatment in New Zealand for sexual offenses against children ( N = 491; n = 185–411 for individual analyses). Although effect sizes were generally small, static risk and general self-regulation dynamic risk factors correlated positively with ACE scores, ACE scores were higher for treatment noncompleters versus completers, and higher dynamic risk assessment scores and ACE scores increased the odds of treatment noncompletion. Implications for future research and enhancing treatment responsivity are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessing women’s risk of recidivism: An investigation into the predictive validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) with matched samples of community-sentenced women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Matched Samples

<p>Although men and women share risk factors for offending, some scholars claim these factors operate differentially by gender and that certain proposed women-specific risk factors are neglected in the existing gender-neutral risk assessment tools. The present research evaluated one such gender-neutral risk assessment tool used by New Zealand Department of Corrections: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR; Serin, 2007; Serin, Mailloux, & Wilson, 2012). The research was comparative and examined the predictive validity of the DRAOR for breaches of sentence and criminal reconvictions in matched samples of New Zealand women and men who had served community supervision sentences. Cox regression and AUC analyses showed the initial DRAOR had mixed predictive validity and the proximal DRAOR comparative predictive validity across gender. Additionally, the proximal DRAOR assessment consistently outperformed the initial DRAOR in the prediction of reconvictions for both women and men. Further, offenders made significant change on the DRAOR between two assessment points and overall the change made on the DRAOR was significantly related to reconvictions for women and men. For both samples, the RoC*RoI did not predict breach reconvictions; however, the proximal DRAOR TS provided incremental predictive validity above the RoC*RoI for criminal reconvictions. To conclude, the research supports the continued use of the DRAOR as a risk prediction tool with community-sentenced women and men and thus supports gender neutrality. Further, the research supports the dynamic nature of the DRAOR and highlighted the importance of updating dynamic risk assessments. Additionally, the research recommends that change made on a dynamic risk assessment tool over time be considered useful for predictive purposes for women and men alike.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing women’s risk of recidivism: An investigation into the predictive validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) with matched samples of community-sentenced women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Matched Samples

<p>Although men and women share risk factors for offending, some scholars claim these factors operate differentially by gender and that certain proposed women-specific risk factors are neglected in the existing gender-neutral risk assessment tools. The present research evaluated one such gender-neutral risk assessment tool used by New Zealand Department of Corrections: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR; Serin, 2007; Serin, Mailloux, & Wilson, 2012). The research was comparative and examined the predictive validity of the DRAOR for breaches of sentence and criminal reconvictions in matched samples of New Zealand women and men who had served community supervision sentences. Cox regression and AUC analyses showed the initial DRAOR had mixed predictive validity and the proximal DRAOR comparative predictive validity across gender. Additionally, the proximal DRAOR assessment consistently outperformed the initial DRAOR in the prediction of reconvictions for both women and men. Further, offenders made significant change on the DRAOR between two assessment points and overall the change made on the DRAOR was significantly related to reconvictions for women and men. For both samples, the RoC*RoI did not predict breach reconvictions; however, the proximal DRAOR TS provided incremental predictive validity above the RoC*RoI for criminal reconvictions. To conclude, the research supports the continued use of the DRAOR as a risk prediction tool with community-sentenced women and men and thus supports gender neutrality. Further, the research supports the dynamic nature of the DRAOR and highlighted the importance of updating dynamic risk assessments. Additionally, the research recommends that change made on a dynamic risk assessment tool over time be considered useful for predictive purposes for women and men alike.</p>

scholarly journals Predicting Women’s Recidivism Using the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry: Preliminary Evidence of Predictive Validity With Community-Sentenced Women Using a “Gender-Neutral” Risk Measure

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Scanlan ◽  
Julia A. Yesberg ◽  
Clare-Ann Fortune ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment

Although men and women share risk factors for offending, some scholars suggest these factors operate differently across gender and that women-specific risk factors are neglected in existing “gender-neutral” risk assessment tools. This article explored the predictive validity of one gender-neutral risk assessment tool—the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR)—with matched samples of women and men serving community supervision sentences. Total DRAOR scores had comparative predictive validity across gender. For women and men, the DRAOR predicted reconviction over a static risk measure. The findings support the general premise of gender neutrality, but do not necessarily suggest the DRAOR, or gender-neutral tools more broadly, are the best tools for use with women.

High Throughput Diagnostics and Dynamic Risk Assessment of Variants of Concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Maria Gravagnuolo ◽  
Layla Faqih ◽  
Cara Cronshaw ◽  
Jackie Wynn ◽  
Paul Klapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment
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