Cardiovascular Endurance and Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Background. Incidence rates of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing in youth and may eventually contribute to premature heart disease in early adulthood. This investigation explored the influence of type of diabetes, gender, body mass index (BMI), metabolic control (HbA1c), exercise beliefs and physical activity on cardiovascular endurance (CE), and heart rate variability (HRV). Differences in exercise beliefs, physical activity, HRV, and CE in youth with type 1 versus type 2 DM were determined. Methods. Adolescents with type 1 DM (n = 105) or with type 2DM (n = 27) completed the Exercise Belief Instrument and the Physical Activity Recall. Twenty-four HRV measures were obtained via Holter monitoring and analyzed using SpaceLabs Vision Premier™ software system. The McMaster cycle test was used to measure CE (V02peak). Results. Regardless of the type of DM, females and those with higher BMI, poorer metabolic control, and lower amounts of physical activity tended to have lower levels of CE. Exercise beliefs consistently predicted both frequency and time domain HRV measures. Measures of exercise beliefs, self-reported physical activity, CE (V02peak), and HRV were significantly lower in adolescents with type 2 DM in comparison to those with type 1 DM. Conclusions and Recommendations. Early findings of poor physical fitness, lower HRV, fewer positive beliefs about exercise, and less active lifestyles highlight the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions for assisting youth to make lifelong changes in their physical activity routines. Females, those with poorer metabolic control, and minority youth with type 2 DM may be particularly vulnerable to later cardiovascular disease.

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Individuals with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) and Type 1 Diabetes Are More Likely to Undergo Limb Amputation than Those with PAD and Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9092809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2809

Author(s):

Nidhi Jain ◽

Manyoo A. Agarwal ◽

Diana Jalal ◽

Ayotunde O. Dokun

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Type 1 Dm

Background: Limited data exist comparing how type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and type 2 DM may have differential effects on peripheral artery disease (PAD) severity. We aimed to study the association of type of DM with the procedure utilized in hospitalizations with a diagnosis of PAD. Methods: We used the national inpatient sample databases from 2003 to 2014 to identify hospitalizations with a diagnosis of PAD and type 1 or type 2 DM. Logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the association between type of DM and procedure utilized (amputation-overall, major, endovascular revascularization, surgical revascularization). Results: We identified 14,012,860 hospitalizations with PAD diagnosis and DM, 5.6% (n = 784,720) had type 1 DM. The patients with type 1 DM were more likely to present with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) (45.2% vs. 32.0%), ulcer (25.9% vs. 17.7%), or complicated ulcer (16.6% vs. 10.5%) (all p < 0.001) when compared to those with type 2 DM. Type 1 DM was independently and significantly associated with more amputation procedures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] I 1.08 to 1.16, p < 0.001). Overall, in-hospital mortality did not differ between the individuals with type 1 and type 2 DM. The overall mean (95% CI) length of stay (in days) was 6.6 (6.5 to 6.6) and was significantly higher for type 1 DM (7.8 [7.7 to 8.0]) when compared to those with type 2 DM (6.5 [6.4 to 6.6]). Conclusion: We observed that individuals with PAD and type 1 DM were more likely to present with CLTI and ulcer and undergo amputation when compared to those with PAD and type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms behind these findings and to identify novel interventions to reduce the risk of amputation in patients with type 1 DM.

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Study of cutaneous manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20175544 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Yoganand J. Phulari ◽

Vidisha Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Age Group ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Skin Manifestations ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Type 1 Dm

Background: Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several disorders and microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Multiple factors play a role in the manifestations of cutaneous signs of DM. The prevalence of a cutaneous disorder appears to be similar between Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM patients, but Type 2 DM patients develop more frequent cutaneous infections, and Type 1 DM patients manifest more autoimmune-type cutaneous lesions. The objective of the study was to assess the various cutaneous manifestations of Type 2 DM and the relation of cutaneous manifestations with the duration of Type 2 DM.Methods: All patients of Type 2 DM, of age group 20 and above, of both sexes, attending OPD or IPD at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur willing to give written informed consent, were included for the study between August 2014 – July 2016. Complete history and examination of all the patients with regards to onset of cutaneous manifestations was taken.Results: Majority (49%) of respondents were in the age group of 41 to 60 years, and majority (66%) were males. 57.5% were new cases and 42.5% were known cases. Duration of illness- majority 50.58% were <5 years, 27.05% in 6 to 10 years. In present study there were 61% who had infectious skin manifestations and 39% who had non-infectious skin manifestations. Out of infectious manifestations 39.5% had fungal infection. Conclusions: Therefore on the basis of present study, we conclude that the skin is involved in DM quite often. The manifestations are numerous and varied and many a times they can serve as diagnostic marker for underlying DM. Whenever patients present with multiple skin manifestations, their diabetic status should be checked. The recognition of these skin findings is the key to treatment and prevention.

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Blood concentrations of endothelin, interleukins 6 and 10 in men with diabetes mellitus

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ◽

10.22141/2224-0721.17.4.2021.237340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 280-286

Author(s):

E.V. Luchytskiy ◽

V.E. Luchytskiy ◽

G.A. Zubkova ◽

V.M. Rybalchenko ◽

I.I. Skladanna

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Blood Concentration ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Type 1 Dm ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Background. Pathological activation of cytokines is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of its complications, in particular from the cardiovascular system. According to the vast majority of researchers, the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of markers of a nonspecific inflammatory response (interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10) in the blood of men with DM and their association with glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index. Materials and methods. There were examined 46 men with type 2 DM and 28 men with type 1 DM. According to the results of the analysis of variance of the control group, type 2 DM and type 1 DM had significant differences in some indicators. Results. The correlation analysis of the obtained indicators of interleukin concentration showed that in men with type 2 DM under the age of 50 years, the indicators of IL-6 concentration significantly positively correlated with indicators of IL-10 concentration in blood (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.562, p < 0.031) and negatively with the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient –0.508, p < 0.031). In the group of patients with type 2 DM aged 50 years and older, there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of IL-6 with the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.509, p < 0.031), the blood concentration of IL-10 with glycated hemoglobin levels (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.391, p < 0.04) and the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.551, p < 0.005). In the group of patients with type 1 DM, there was a positive correlation of IL-6 in the blood with indicators of the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.707, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between the concentration of IL-10 with the duration of DM (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.379, p < 0.039). Conclusions. Mean levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and older. Mean IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes regardless of the age of the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the indicators of IL-6 and IL-10 in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of age also in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Owning a Dog as a Determinant of Physical Activity and Metabolic Control in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-0890-3254 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia Riske ◽

Martin Janert ◽

Melanie Kahle-Stephan ◽

Michael A. Nauck

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Weight Control ◽

Total Physical Activity ◽

Dog Owners ◽

Body Weight Control

Abstract Background/aims Physical activity is recommended for patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We wanted to assess whether owning a dog influences duration or intensity of physical activity and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods 143 patients with T1D (age 50±16 y.; BMI 25.7±4.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 8.6±1.6%) and 303 with T2D (age 63±11 y., BMI 33.7±7.3 kg/m2, HbA1c 9.0±1.6%, 232 [76.6%] insulin-treated, 89±61 IU/d), respectively, participated. A standardized questionnaire assessed diabetes history and treatment, details regarding time spent (per week) and intensity (MET, metabolic equivalent of task) of physical activity (“walking the dog” and other activities), anthropometric (BMI) and laboratory measures. Results 31.5% of T1D 23.1% of T2D patients were dog owners. Dog owners with T1D and T2D diabetes spent 19.0±3.3 and 19.8±2.6 MET.h per week walking the dog, which represented 61.3±5.7 and 62.9±4.9% of their total physical activity. Participants not owning a dog compensated by performing significantly more other activities. Taken together, total physical activity was similar in dog owners with T1D (p=0.80), but higher in dog owners with T2D (30.1±2.8 vs. 18.6±1.4 MET.h per week in those not owning a dog; p=0.0001). Body-mass-index or HbA1c were not significantly different in either patients with T1D or T2D either owning a dog or not. Conclusions Owning a dog motivates to a significant amount of physical activity, but this was fully compensated for by other forms of physical activity in (younger) patients with T1D. Even the higher physical activity in dog owners with T2D did not result in improved glycaemic or body weight control.

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Sleep quality and heart rate variability in adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108049 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108049

Author(s):

Melissa Spezia Faulkner ◽

Michael J. Smart

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Sleep Quality

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Sleep Quality and Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-811-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 811-P

Author(s):

MELISSA S. FAULKNER ◽

ASHLEY HELVIG

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Sleep Quality

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The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on heart rate variability indices in men with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/14791641211020184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 147916412110201

Author(s):

Katarzyna Szmigielska ◽

Anna Jegier

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Interval Training ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Artery Disease

The study evaluated the influence of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on heart rate variability (HRV) in men with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without diabetes. Method: The study population included 141 male CAD patients prospectively and consecutively admitted to an outpatient comprehensive CR program. Twenty-seven patients with type-2 diabetes were compared with 114 males without diabetes. The participants performed a 45-min cycle ergometer interval training alternating 4-min workload and a 2-min active restitution three times a week for 8 weeks. The training intensity was adjusted so that the patient’s heart rate achieved the training heart rate calculated according to the Karvonen formula. At the baseline and after 8 weeks, all the patients underwent the HRV assessment. Results: HRV indices in the patients with diabetes were significantly lower as compared to the patients without diabetes in SDNN, TP, LF parameters, both at the baseline and after 8 weeks of CR. After 8 weeks of CR, a significant improvement of TP, SDNN, pNN50% and HF occurred in the patients without diabetes, whereas in the patients with diabetes only HF component improved significantly. Conclusions: As regards HRV indices, CR seems to be less effective in patients with CAD and type-2 diabetes.

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