Redefining response in wet AMD to anti VEGF therapy based on non-OCTA versus OCTA evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110593
Author(s):  
Anadi Khatri ◽  
Araniko Pandey ◽  
Kriti Joshi ◽  
Kinsuk Singh ◽  
Gunjan Prasai ◽  
...  

Purpose Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) has been the mainstay of treatment in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Subsequent decision to continue anti VEGF therapy depends on the treatment response quantified by functional (visual acuity) and morphological (optical coherence tomography) parameters then categorized from good to poor. Methods This study evaluates the agreement between OCT angiography (OCTA) and non-OCTA (logMAR VA plus OCT) to decide anti-VEGF treatment's continuity. After an anti VEGF treatment, on a follow up visit, a patient underwent non-OCTA evaluation (decision A) then OCTA evaluation (decision B) to judge the necessity of future anti VEGF application. Results Out of 129 eyes, on 72 eyes (49%), there were agreements on both decision arms, but on 55 eyes (42%) there was disagreement. Particularly, disagreement on 47/55 eyes was important, where OCTA advised “continue anti VEGF” and non-OCTA advised “Stop anti VEGF” therapy. Cohen's Kappa for probability of agreement to continue anti VEGF was fair (0.33) and to stop anti VEGF therapy was none (0.1). Conclusions Based on resulting disagreements between the two modalities on deciding the continuity of anti VEGF, we conclude that OCTA must be considered in the conventional decision making algorithm in patients with wet AMD under anti VEGF therapy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Timothy Y. Y. Lai ◽  
Ricky Y. K. Lai

Previous studies based on clinical trial data have demonstrated that greater fluctuations in retinal thickness during the course of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is associated with poorer visual acuity outcomes. However, it was unclear whether similar findings would be observed in real-world clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the association between retinal thickness variability and visual outcomes in eyes receiving anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD using pro re nata treatment regimen. A total of 64 eyes which received intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy (bevacizumab, ranibizumab or aflibercept) for the treatment of nAMD were evaluated. Variability in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) central subfield thickness (CST) was calculated from the standard deviation (SD) values of all follow-up visits after three loading doses from month 3 to month 24. Eyes were divided into quartiles based on the OCT CST variability values and the mean best-corrected visual acuity values at 2 years were compared. At baseline, the mean ± SD logMAR visual acuity and CST were 0.59 ± 0.39 and 364 ± 113 µm, respectively. A significant correlation was found between CST variability and visual acuity at 2 years (Spearman’s ρ = 0.54, p < 0.0001), indicating that eyes with lower CST variability had better visual acuity at 2 years. Eyes with the least CST variability were associated with the highest mean visual acuity improvement at 2 years (quartile 1: +9.7 letters, quartile 2: +1.1 letters, quartile 3: −2.5 letters, quartile 4: −9.5 letters; p = 0.018). No significant difference in the number of anti-VEGF injections was found between the four CST variability quartile groups (p = 0.21). These findings showed that eyes undergoing anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD with more stable OCT CST variability during the follow-up period were associated with better visual outcomes. Clinicians should consider adopting treatment strategies to reduce CST variability during the treatment course for nAMD.


2016 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Shiba ◽  
Mao Takahashi ◽  
Izumi Yoshida ◽  
Hikari Taniguchi ◽  
Tadashi Matsumoto ◽  
...  

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether multiple intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) exacerbate systemic arteriosclerosis, using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods: We analyzed the data of 45 AMD patients who received intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs (ranibizumab and/or aflibercept) and underwent systemic evaluations at baseline and after treatment. Reevaluation was conducted at ≥12 months from the initial treatment. Results: The total number of intravitreal injections of overall anti-VEGF drugs was significantly correlated with Δserum cystatin C. The cumulative number of aflibercept injections was identified as an independent protective factor for ΔCAVI. An increase in the cumulative number of intravitreal injections of overall anti-VEGF drugs was identified as a protective factor for Δmean IMT. Conclusion: Repeated intravitreal injections of an anti-VEGF drug for AMD may lead to morphological and functional changes in large arteries.


2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kataja ◽  
Pekko Hujanen ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
Kai Kaarniranta ◽  
Anja Tuulonen ◽  
...  

AimsTo evaluate outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the real-life setting and to compare incidence of ocular serious adverse events (SAE) after injections administered by nurses and physicians.MethodsRetrospective, single-centre study. Medical records of patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment for nAMD between 2008 and 2013 with three-loading-dose regimen were evaluated. Outcome measures were baseline visual acuity (VA), change in VA, number of intravitreal injections, incidence of ocular SAE and patients’ baseline characteristics affecting VA change. In addition, the number of injections per 1000 citizens living in the serving area and per individuals over 65 years old were estimated.Results1349 eyes in 1117 patients received a total of 11 562 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Twenty-one per cent of patients received treatment for both eyes. The mean baseline Snellen VA was 0.32. The mean change of VA from baseline was +2, +2 and ±0 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters and the mean numbers of injections were 5.7, 4.7 and 4.9 at years 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was a negative correlation between baseline VA and change of VA. Incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.086%. No difference in the incidence of ocular SAE was identified between injections given by nurses or by physicians. The number of intravitreal injections per all citizens was 9 per 1000 inhabitants and 45 per 1000 inhabitants over 65 years.ConclusionThe VA was maintained at the baseline level (±0 letters) with the mean of 15.3 anti-VEGF injections in real-world clinical practice during 3-year follow-up.


10.36469/9887 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Iida ◽  
Aya Narimatsu ◽  
Kenji Adachi ◽  
Edward CY Wang

Purpose: To identify outpatient treatment patterns of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who received approved anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, using real-world data from hospitals in Japan. Methods: A hospital claims database was retrospectively reviewed for patients diagnosed with exudative AMD who were treated with anti-VEGF therapy in the outpatient setting between January 2010 and December 2012. Within a treatment period of at least 12 months, the frequency of anti-VEGF injections and AMD-related visits, and time intervals between AMD-related visits and anti-VEGF injections were captured for patients who had neither cataracts nor glaucoma. “Loading dose regimen” was defined as the first 2 or 3 monthly doses and “PRN maintenance regimen” (where PRN=pro re nata) was defined as the entire period of time after the loading doses had been administered. Results: Claims data were collected from a total of 219 patients from 13 of 126 hospitals: 217 treated with ranibizumab (8 received pegaptanib as well), 2 with aflibercept. Of these, 68 patients were treated for at least 12 months (all with ranibizumab PRN), and 29 had neither cataracts nor glaucoma and were included in the treatment pattern analysis. These 29 patients received a mean of 3.8 injections in the first 12 months and another 2.5 injections in the second 12 months of treatment. The average number of all outpatient visits was 16.1 in the first 12 months and 13.7 in the second 12 months, and an average of 11.6 days elapsed between injections and the previous outpatient monitoring visits using a PRN schedule. Conclusion: In a real-world setting in Japan, anti-VEGF PRN injections are administered less frequently than in clinical trials, and with time between monitoring and re-injection visits. Nonetheless, patients still visit the hospital frequently, which can significantly burden patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252006
Author(s):  
Yongseok Mun ◽  
Kyu Hyung Park ◽  
Sang Jun Park ◽  
Se Joon Woo

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in vitrectomized eyes. Methods The medical records were reviewed of nAMD patients treated with anti-VEGF agents who previously underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). PPV was performed with complete posterior vitreous detachment induction. Results A total of 44 eyes from 44 patients were included. The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was 478.50 ± 156.93 μm at baseline, 414.25 ± 143.55 μm (86.6% of baseline) at 1 month after first injection (P < 0.001), and 386.75 ± 141.45 μm (80.8% of baseline) after monthly multiple injections (2.30 ± 1.07; range, 1–5) (P < 0.001). The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.85 ± 0.57 at baseline, 0.86 ± 0.63 after the first injection, and 0.84 ± 0.64 after monthly multiple injections. BCVA improved in 39.5% at 1 month after first injection and 45.2% at 1 month after monthly multiple injections. In the subgroup analysis, CFT of eyes with the posterior capsule decreased significantly to 85.8% and 79.8% of baseline values at 1 month after the first injection and after monthly multiple injections, respectively. CFT of eyes without the posterior capsule decreased to 91.6% and 87.4% of baseline values at 1 month after the first injection and after monthly multiple injections, respectively, without statistical significance. Conclusion Monthly injections of Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents induced favorable anatomical improvement and vision maintenance in vitrectomized eyes with nAMD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Sheng Gao ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Xi Huang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  

Background: We aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monotherapy to identify its utilization and prioritization in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods: Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing the recommended anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, and conbercept) under various therapeutic regimens. Outcomes of interest included the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), serious adverse events, the proportion of patients who gained ≥15 letters or lost &lt;15 letters in BCVA, the mean change in central retinal thickness, and the number of injections within 12 months.Results: Twenty-seven trials including 10,484 participants and eighteen treatments were identified in the network meta-analysis. The aflibercept 2 mg bimonthly, ranibizumab 0.5 mg T&amp;E, and brolucizumab 6 mg q12w/q8w regimens had better visual efficacy. Brolucizumab had absolute superiority in anatomical outcomes and a relative advantage of safety, as well as good performance of aflibercept 2 mg T&amp;E. The proactive regimens had slightly better efficacy but a slightly increased number of injections versus the reactive regimen. Bevacizumab had a statistically non-significant trend toward a lower degree of efficacy and safety.Conclusion: The visual efficacy of four individual anti-VEGF drugs is comparable. Several statistically significant differences were observed considering special anti-VEGF regimens, suggesting that brolucizumab 6 mg q12w/q8w, aflibercept 2 mg bimonthly or T&amp;E, and ranibizumab 0.5 mg T&amp;E are the ideal anti-VEGF regimens for nAMD patients. In the current landscape, based on the premise of equivalent efficacy and safety, the optimal choice of anti-VEGF monotherapies seems mandatory to obtain maximal benefit.


2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tjahjono D Gondhowiardjo

Secara global telah diterima bahwa perkembangan kemampuan ekonomi suatu Negara, berjalan parallel dengan peningkatan usia harapan hidup masyarakat-nya. Saat ini, usia harapan hidup penduduk Indonesia, berkisar antara 69 tahun (pria) dan 72 tahun (wanita). Kondisi demograpik ini secara tidak langsung akan terkait dengan pergeseran distribusi pola penyakit, terutama pergeseran pola penyakit berdasarkan infeksi menjadi pola penyakit/keadaan degeneratif yang terkait dengan gaya hidup. Hal itu dapat terlihat pada edisi ini, yang di-dominasi oleh makalah segment posterior yang terkait dengan peningkatan usia harapan hidup dan degenerasi (age related macular degeneration), atau kondisi yang secara tidak langsung merupakan refleksi gaya hidup (Diabetes Mellitus atau kualitas viskositas darah).  Kondisi tsb memperlihatkan bahwa, walaupun jaringan bolamata bersifat sangat spesifik  dan merupakan suatu kompartemen yang relatif terpisah dengan adanya sawar darah-bolamata, namun tetap terkait dengan berbagai kondisi sistemik; sehingga bolamata dapat menjadi “jendela” kondisi sistemik. Pergeseran pola penyebab kebutaan ke sisi segmen posterior, menuntut peningkatkan peralatan diagnostik digital dan peralatan intervensi yang lebih canggih, seperti foto-koagulasi laser, vitrektomi dan penggunaan berbagai jenis gas, yang tentunya menuntut keterampilan khusus baik bagi operator maupun paramedis-nya; serta pengobatan anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) secara serial yang relatif mahal, sebagaimana ketiga makalah yang ditampilkan.  Pergeseran pola penyakit tsb, secara tidak langsung menuntut kita, baik sebagai insititusi pelayanan ataupun pendidikan, maupun sebagai individu untuk ikut menyesuaikan diri, terutama dalam mengembangkan pola fikir untuk selalu dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi pasien-pasien kita.  Namun sayangnya, tanpa sadar kita telah membuat dinding-dinding pembatas yang cenderung membatasi upaya pencapaian tujuan;  dan yang relatif dibuat tanpa mempertimbangkan situasi dan kondisi lokal.  Berbagai batasan tsb, baik yang terjadi secara internal, maupun external telah membelenggu kita terhadap kemungkinan menumbuhkan daya inovasi maupun kreativitas untuk pengembangan keilmuan demi kemaslahatan masyarakat.   Pada era jaminan kesehatan saat ini, pengobatan anti VEGF awalnya mendapat pembiayaan, namun kemudian di hentikan karena pembiayaan terhadap upaya pencegahan kebutaan yang dianggap terlalu tinggi. Hal itu terjadi, antara lain karena penolakan terhadap bukti ilmiah yang menyatakan bahwa sekalipun preparat anti VEGF dengan harga yang lebih murah, terdaftar untuk kondisi lain; namun terbukti tidak ada perbedaan effektivitas dibandingkan dengan jenis obat yang spesifik untuk kelainan mata yang lebih mahal. Selain itu, karena pengabaian pernyataan Badan Kesehatan Dunia yang menyatakan bahwa obat tsb termasuk obat essential untuk pencegahan kebutaan.  Penghentian pendanaan itu, merupakan ironi karena di berbagai Negara tetangga dengan pendapatan domestik yang lebih tinggi, justru memperbolehkan penggunaan obat tsb. Di berbagai Negara maju, dasar penentuan prioritas pendanaan pemerintah dibuat berdasarkan kajian biaya penatalaksaan / tindakan langsung, serta kerugian akibat terjadi pengabaian karena hilangnya potensi individu, keluarga dan masyarakat, baik dalam sisi sosial dan ekonomi bagi Negara (health technology assessment / HTA), berjalan lurus dengan besaran nilai prevalensi, dan Year of Lost Life due to Disability (YLD) serta (disability of activity loss / DALY) akibat suatu kondisi / penyakit.  Nilai YLD dan DALY menampilkan besaran kehilangan produktivitas individu, akibat  suatu penyakit dan dampaknya pada besaran biaya kesehatan yang harus ditanggung; data tersebut dibandingkan dengan nilai serupa untuk penyakit/keadaan lain, seperti stroke, gangguan kardio-vaskular, berbagai jenis kanker dll.


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