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Published By Publishing House Ophthalmology

2410-1257

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
T.D. Sizova ◽  
◽  
V.M. Khokkanen ◽  
F.O. Kasymov ◽  
E.V. Boyko ◽  
...  

Cytomegalovirus uveitis (CMV-uveitis) is one of the most common causes of vision loss in HIV-infected patients. The purpose is to characterize the clinical features of the course of retinal detachment in HIV infection. Material and methods. The study group included 29 patients, 34 eyes (9 men and 20 women). All patients underwent a standard routine ophthalmological examination. To confirm the diagnosis, an ultrasound of the eyeball was performed. Results. The following forms of retinal detachment were identified: acute retinal necrosis, regmatogenic and traction detachment. In 50% of cases, the disease occurred as acute retinal necrosis of CMV-etiology. Visual acuity in the group of patients with operated retinal detachment became significantly lower after complex treatment. Conclusions. CMV-uveitis has a chronic sluggish course, despite multicomponent treatment. Key words: cytomegalovirus, uveitis, HIV, HIV-infection, AIDS, retinal detachment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
A.A. Gamidov ◽  
◽  
Z.V. Surnina ◽  
I.V. Andreeva ◽  
I.A. Velieva ◽  
...  

Purpose. To develop an optimal algorithm for the management of patients with operated neovascular uncompensated glaucoma. Material and methods. 2 patients with operated secondary neovascular glaucoma of stage III-c. In the combined sequential therapy, the anti-VEGF medication Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) was used, laser coagulation of residual newly formed vessels, laser reconstruction in the surgical area, contact transcleral cyclolazercoagulation, and laser coagulation of the peripheral parts of the retina were performed. Results. The combined sequential treatment, combined with the appointment of antihypertensive drugs in drops, allowed to stabilize the level of IOP. IOP indicators remained at the level of normal values during 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion. The use of combined laser technologies and anti-VEGF therapy makes it possible to potentiate and prolong the hypotensive effect in the treatment of patients with operated secondary refractory neovascular glaucoma. Key words: operated neovascular glaucoma, anti-VEGF, combined laser treatment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
M.M. Bikbov ◽  
◽  
A.R. Khalimov ◽  

In the presented mainly experimental work, the regularities and mechanisms of ultrastructural transformation and changes in corneal metabolism under ultraviolet exposure are established. High-quality saturation of the stroma with riboflavin is necessary to perform safe and effective UV crosslinking of the cornea, which can be achieved mainly due to a sufficient area of de-epithelization (at least 8-9 mm). It was found that UV crosslinking of the cornea with the use of developed riboflavin solutions (Dextralink, Ribolink and Khitolink) as photosensitizers increases its strength properties associated with changes in the structural state of collagen fibrils. It is proved that the riboflavin-UV effect on the optical shell of the eyeball is caused by a short-term local increase in free radical processes, a decrease in the overall antioxidant status, and the absence of necrotic and significant inflammatory reactions. It is shown that the lack of riboflavin in the stroma forms a cascade of pathomorphological events of an irreversible nature, leading to the loss of the native structure of the cornea. On the basis of the conducted studies, the necessity of a differentiated approach to the use of riboflavin-containing solutions during ultraviolet crosslinking of the cornea is justified. Key words: ultraviolet corneal crosslinking, molecular-cellular mechanisms, photosensitizers, riboflavin.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
K.N. Odinaeva ◽  
◽  
N.S. Al Khateeb ◽  
M.A. Frolov ◽  
◽  
...  

Purpose. To determine and study the features of the development of dry eye syndrome (DES) in gout, depending on urate-lowering therapy, the duration of the gout disease and the concentration of uric acid in the tear. Material and methods. The study involved 149 male patients (261 eyes) aged 35 to 75 years (mean age 60.63 ± 11.00 years). Among them, 110 people (202 eyes) with an established diagnosis: "Cataract with concomitant gout disease" and 39 people (59 eyes) with cataracts without clinical and laboratory signs of gout. All patients underwent both standard ophthalmological examinations and special ones. The concentration of uric acid in tears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The diagnosis of gout was confirmed according to the criteria recommended by ACR / EULAR (2016). Results. In patients with gout who do not take a urate-lowering drug, DES occurs more often (82.1%) than in patients without gout (23.1%). With an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the tear, there is a high tendency to a shortening of the tear film rupture time (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.51, p<0.001) and to a decrease in tear production (Schirmer I test) (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.59, p<0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate clear changes in the functional parameters of total tear production (Schirmer I's test) and the stability of the pre-corneal tear film (Norn's test) in patients with gout. This can be considered as a fact of the predisposition of this category of patients to the development of DES. A strong dependence of changes in tear production and HRVP on the concentration of uric acid in the tear was established. There is an obvious need for additional examination of this category of patients and an adequate choice of therapy, as well as the timely appointment of "artificial tear" drugs. Key words: dry eye syndrome, uric acid, gout.


2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. E. Babushkin ◽  
◽  
G. R. Saitova ◽  
E. N. Matyukhina ◽  
◽  
...  

The aim of the work was to study the clinical effectiveness of the combined treatment of keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis of bacterial etiology with the combined use of ocomistin eye drops and oftocipro ointment. These drugs were used in complex therapy in 12 patients in the treatment of this ophthalmopathology, which was caused corneal microtrauma after ingestion of foreign bodies or wearing contact lenses. At the same time, in most cases, microflora in the form of staphylococci was detected. Observations of the effectiveness of such a combined treatment for infectious and bacterial lesions of the eye anterior segment showed good tolerability and high (in 11 patients, in 91.7% of cases) clinical effectiveness of this therapy. Key words: bacterial keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis, treatment, antiseptic-okomistin, antibiotic-ciprofloxacin ointment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G.H. Zaynutdinova ◽  
◽  
A.E. Babushkin ◽  
N.A. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
...  

The article presents a clinical case of Chauffard-Still syndrome. It is shown that for the correct etiological diagnosis of iridocyclitis in Still's syndrome, careful collection of anamnesis, the connection of the articular syndrome with uveitis and characteristic ophthalmological changes in the form of ribbon-like dystrophy of the cornea are important. Key words: Chaufard-Still syndrome, uveitis, corneal ribbon dystrophy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
А.А. Popova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Yaremenko ◽  

Glaucoma is one of the most serious diseases that affects millions of people around the world, but the pathogenesis of this disease is not completely clear. Once the only mechanism for the development of this disease was considered to be an increase in IOP. Current research indicates that the pathogenesis of glaucoma depends on several interacting mechanisms, which include: mechanical damage due to increased IOP, hypoxia, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the involvement of autoimmune processes. Antibody changes in glaucoma patients have been described, but it is still unclear whether the autoantibodies observed in glaucoma are epiphenomenal or cause of the disease. Key words: glaucoma, glaucoma pathogenesis, autoimmunity, autoimmune glaucoma.


2021 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
A.E. Babushkin ◽  
◽  
G.R. Saitova ◽  
E.N. Matyukhina ◽  
G.Z. Israfilova ◽  
...  

The article describes a rare case of conjunctivitis in a 25-year-old patient that developed 5 days before the first typical signs of COVID-19 disease appeared, and led to cicatricial changes in the conjunctiva in the form of bilateral partial external symblepharon and mild dry eye syndrome, and later chronic dacryocystitis of the right eyes. Surgical treatment of simblepharon led to its relapse in the right eye with gradual development of severe DES with a significant decrease in visual acuity. The prescribed complex therapy with drops of dexamethasone, restasis, vitabact and tear-suppressing drugs (Oftagel, Vita Pos ointment) for several days, however, led to extensive detachment of the corneal epithelium and the development of a superficial ulcer of the right eye with a keratomalacia area in its lower part. In the process of inpatient treatment recommended to the patient at one of the councils, it suddenly turned out that the patient had been periodically instilling inocaine into his right eye for anesthesia for several months on his own. It was the decrease in sensitivity against the background of prolonged instillations of the local anesthetic inocaine that aggravated the violation of the stability of the tear film, led to a significant decrease in tear secretion and a cytotoxic effect, which gradually led to the development of severe corneal-conjunctival xerosis. The performed inpatient treatment and subsequent outpatient treatment led to the relief of inflammation, epithelialization of the ulcer. Key words: conjunctivitis, COVID-19, complication, simblefaron, inocaine anesthetic, corneal-conjunctival xerosis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
R.M. Zainullin ◽  

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of surgical treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema and epiretinal membrane. Material and methods. Clinical studies were based on the analysis of morphological and functional parameters of the central retina. Patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) made up group A (main) of 96 people (96 eyes). Group B (control) included 22 patients (44 eyes) without ophthalmological diseases. Depending on the chosen method of surgical treatment, patients in group A were divided into three subgroups. Results. According to the data of optical coherence tomography, it was revealed that the average index of retinal thickness as a result of edema increased by 1.35 times (p=0.011) compared with group B. When conducting microperimetry in the macular zone in patients of group A, the total light sensitivity was reduced in 1.88 times compared with group B (p=0.028). Comparative analysis of long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with DMO and ERM showed that complex simultaneous vitrectomy and administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor is preferable compared to delayed administration of drugs, which is confirmed by a decrease in the total thickness of the retina in 78.3% of cases, preservation of the total photosensitivity of the central part of the retina on average, up to 15.3±3.24 dB, visual acuity - up to 0.51±0.22, no recurrence of edema in 63.4% of patients and the development of ERM - in 100% of cases. Conclusion. If the central thickness of the retina at the preoperative stage is less than 400 microns, it is possible to use a step-by-step method (vitrectomy + intravitreal administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor after 1 month). The use of the proposed one-step operation technique is preferable when the retina thickness is more than 400 microns. Vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane in patients with cysts in the retinal edema zone with a diameter of more than 200 µm does not lead to a positive anatomical and functional result. Key words: diabetic macular edema, angiogenesis inhibitor, vitrectomy, microperimetry, epiretinal membrane.


2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
S.I. Makogon ◽  
◽  
D.I. Ivanova ◽  
N.V. Gorbacheva ◽  
Y.S. Khlopkova ◽  
...  

The article analyzes the level of awareness of dental students about the occurrence of orbital pathology as a result of infection in the oral cavity. Anonymous survey of 4-5 year students of the Institute of Dentistry was carried out. 128 people took part in the survey. To conduct a comparative study, we used the data of foreign colleagues, who also asked graduates of the educational institution to answer similar questions (140 people). The questions presented in the questionnaire characterize general ideas about the possibility of developing orbital complications, as well as the tactics of a dentist in case of ocular complications in a dental infection. Most of the respondents stated the need for additional information, conducting reviews on the development of ocular complications in dental infection. Key words: orbital complications, questionnaires, opinion of dental students.


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