scholarly journals Resistance to temptation in toddlers at genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1027
Author(s):  
Susan B Campbell ◽  
Jessie B Northrup ◽  
Amy B Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
High Risk Children

Children with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate difficulties with self-regulation, although studies of this construct in young children with autism spectrum disorder are limited. In this study, developmental changes were examined using a measure of self-regulation appropriate for young children, resistance to temptation. At 22, 28, and 34 months, toddlers with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (high risk) and toddlers with typically developing older siblings (low risk) were presented with an appealing toy and instructed not to touch it. Observers coded whether or not children touched the toy and the strategies they used to resist touching it. At 36 months, children were assessed for autism spectrum disorder, yielding three groups: high risk children with autism spectrum disorder, high risk children without autism spectrum disorder, and low risk children. At 22 months, most children, regardless of group, touched the forbidden toy; at 28 and 34 months, many high risk children without autism spectrum disorder and low risk children resisted the temptation to touch the toy, whereas most of the children with autism spectrum disorder did not. Differences in delay strategies were also evident. Some, but not all group differences, were accounted for by differences in language ability. Results highlight one early index of impulse control that differentiates children with emerging autism spectrum disorder from age-mates prior to the third birthday.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder screening with the CBCL/1½–5: Findings for young children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Rescorla ◽  
Breanna M Winder-Patel ◽  
Sarah J Paterson ◽  
Juhi Pandey ◽  
Jason J Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High Risk Children

The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months was tested in a longitudinal, familial high-risk study. Participants were 56 children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder due to an affected older sibling (high-risk group) and 26 low-risk children with a typically developing older sibling (low-risk group). At 24 months, 13 of the 56 high-risk children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the other 43 were not. The high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder group had significantly higher scores on the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems and Withdrawn scales than children in the low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder groups [Formula: see text]. Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded very high area under the curve values (0.91 and 0.89), and a cut point of T ⩾ 60 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 97% to 99% between the high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and the combination of low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Consistent with several previous studies, the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale and the Withdrawn syndrome differentiated well between children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and those not diagnosed.

The levels of physical activity and motor skills in young children with and without autism spectrum disorder, aged 2–5 years

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Ketcheson ◽  
Janet Lynn Hauck ◽  
Dale Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing

Autism spectrum disorder is the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States. As such, there is an unprecedented need for research examining factors contributing to the health disparities in this population. This research suggests a relationship between the levels of physical activity and health outcomes. In fact, excessive sedentary behavior during early childhood is associated with a number of negative health outcomes. A total of 53 children participated in this study, including typically developing children (mean age = 42.5 ± 10.78 months, n = 19) and children with autism spectrum disorder (mean age = 47.42 ± 12.81 months, n = 34). The t-test results reveal that children with autism spectrum disorder spent significantly less time per day in sedentary behavior when compared to the typically developing group ( t(52) = 4.57, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the results from the general linear model reveal that there is no relationship between motor skills and the levels of physical activity. The ongoing need for objective measurement of physical activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder is of critical importance as it may shed light on an often overlooked need for early community-based interventions to increase physical activity early on in development.

scholarly journals Participation in Play and Leisure Activities of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children in Taiwan: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5787
Author(s):  
Chi-Ching Huang ◽  
Lin-Ju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Preliminary Study

Participation in enjoyable activities is essential for the health and development of young children with and without disabilities. For preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is limited knowledge regarding their participation in play, learning, recreation, and social activities. This was a preliminary study that compares the participation between children 2–6 years of age with ASD (n = 25) and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) (n = 25) children. The Chinese version of the Assessment of Preschool Children’s Participation (APCP-C) measures participation in play, skill development, active physical recreation, and social activities. Parents of the children in this study completed the APCP-C by structured interview. The results showed that children with ASD had lower participation diversity and intensity than TD children in play activities. A lower percentage of children participating in individual activity was found for children with ASD than TD children in most APCP-C activities. Professionals that serve young children with special needs are encouraged to partner with parents to provide playful and socially enhancing activities for preschool children with ASD.

scholarly journals Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ridderinkhof ◽  
Esther I. de Bruin ◽  
Sanne van den Driesschen ◽  
Susan M. Bögels
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Attention Systems

Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention. Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), with self-regulation of attention as a basic component, could benefit these children. Method: We investigated how 49 children with ASD differed from 51 typically developing (TD) children in their attention systems; and whether their attention systems were improved by an MBP for children and their parents (MYmind), using a cognitive measure of attention, the Attention Network Test. Results: Children with ASD did not differ from TD children in the speed of the attention systems, but were somewhat less accurate in their orienting and executive attention. Also, MYmind did not significantly improve attention, although trend effects indicated improved orienting and executive attention. Robustness checks supported these improvements. Conclusion: Trend effects of the MBP on the attention systems of children with ASD were revealed, as well as minor differences between children with ASD and TD children in their attention systems.

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