Motivated team innovation: Impact of need for closure and epistemic authority

2022 ◽  
pp. 136843022110380
Author(s):  
Annalisa Theodorou ◽  
Stefano Livi ◽  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Antonio Pierro
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
New Members ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Innovation Impact

New members are important sources of innovative perspectives in groups. However, it can be very difficult for newcomers’ ideas to be heard. It is likely that group members with high (vs. low) levels of need for closure (NFC) are more resistant to newcomers’ innovative ideas. Moreover, when group epistemic authority (EA) is high, members should “freeze” on the group’s ideas, regardless of the newcomer’s EA. In contrast, when group EA is low, members would be expected to “seize” the ideas proposed by newcomers with high EA. Study 1 confirmed that high (vs. low) NFC group members are more resistant to newcomers’ innovative ideas. In Study 2, in high NFC groups, evidence was obtained for seizing but not freezing. In Study 3, for group members with heightened NFC, both freezing and seizing results were obtained. Findings suggest that both NFC and EA play important roles in receptivity to newcomers’ ideas.

Personnel Mobility and Organizational Performance: The Effects of Specialist vs. Generalist Experience and Organizational Work Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Fahrenkopf ◽  
Jerry Guo ◽  
Linda Argote
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
New Members ◽  
Recipient Group ◽  
Organizational Work ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Specialist Groups ◽  
Better Than

This study advances understanding of the conditions under which a new worker improves organizational performance. We argue that the extent to which new group members have experience working as specialists or generalists is a critical factor in explaining performance after the new member joins. We conceptualize specialists as those who concentrate on a particular component of an organization’s task, whereas generalists perform all components of the task. As such, a specialist must coordinate with other group members to complete the group’s task, which makes a specialist more interdependent with other members and in possession of more organization-specific knowledge than a generalist. We predict that (1) groups receiving specialist new members do not perform as well after the new member joins as compared with groups receiving generalist new members and (2) groups with new members whose work experience and recipient group structure are aligned (i.e., generalist movers into generalist groups and specialist movers into specialist groups) perform better than groups with new members whose experience and recipient group structure are not aligned. We test our hypotheses using a laboratory study in which we manipulate the extent to which new members and incumbent members of recipient groups work as specialists or generalists. Participants work as generalists or specialists in three-person groups and receive a new member who acquired experience as a specialist or generalist in another group. We find support for our hypotheses and provide evidence on mechanisms through which potential new members’ backgrounds enable them to contribute significantly to their recipient groups. New members who acquire experience in a structure similar to that of their recipient organizations report that they experience greater fit with their new groups, which enables their recipient groups to perform better than groups where new members’ experience and recipient group structure are not aligned. Additionally, our results suggest generalists may be more likely than specialists to transfer knowledge to their new groups.

Social implications of group psychotherapy on chronic psychoses

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1322
Author(s):  
B. Mitric
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
New Members ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Previously Treated

IntroductionCenter for mental health is establishrd in May of year 2005. enter for mental health promotes the mental health care in the community.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of group psychotherapy on chronic psychoses, ambulatory treated in Mental Health Center in Kotor, Montenegro.AimsThe influence of effect of group psychotherapy on chronic psychoses in the development of optimal socialization.MethodThe group consist of patients who werw coming for regular check-ups in our health center during previous 5 years. The group in semi-opened and it is heterogeneous in respect to gender and age. The effect is estimated by observing the behavior of group dynamics.There werw 8 regular members in this group and additional ones who participated occasionally, on suggestion of their psychiatrist.ResultsDuring the initial group meetings it was noticed that the patients are not familiar with each other, even though they werw previously treated in our local psychiatric hospital and are inhabitants of a same, smail town. They didn t communicate with each other and didn t even know each others names. They ewrw distrustful toward new group members and could.t think of the questions to ask whwn the new members werw presented to them, After six months, group members formed friendship relationships.ConclusionsEvaluation of the effect of group psychotherapy is fascilitating the development of optimal socialization as well as optimal interpersonal relationships within group, in respect to the nature and progression of mental disorder.

scholarly journals Optical Counterparts to Galaxies in the Cen A Group Discovered by HIPASS

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Knezek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Late Type ◽  
New Members ◽  
Low Surface Brightness ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Centaurus A

AbstractWe have completed a 21-cm survey of a 600 square degree region of the Centaurus A group of galaxies at a redshift of ∼500 km s−1 as part of a larger survey of the entire southern sky. This group of galaxies was recently the subject of a separate and thorough optical survey (Côté et al. 1997), and thus presented an ideal comparison for us to test the survey performance. We have identified 10 new group members to add to the 21 already known in our survey area. Six of the new members are previously uncatalogued galaxies, while four were catalogued but assumed not to be group members. Including the seven known members outside of our survey area, this brings the total known number of Cen A members to 38. All of the new HI detections have optical counterparts, most being intrinsically very faint (MB > –13·0), late-type low surface brightness dwarfs. Most of the new members have HI masses only a few times our survey limit of 107M☉ at an assumed distance for the group of 3·5 Mpc, and are extremely gas-rich, with a median MHI/LB > 1. Our limiting HI sensitivity was actually slightly worse than the HI follow-up observations of the Côté et al. optical survey, yet we have already increased the known number of group members by 50% using an HIsurvey technique. While we have increased the known number of members by ∼50%, these new members contribute <4% to its light.

scholarly journals Parsing the Mechanisms Underlying Ingroup Facial Resemblance

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110252
Author(s):  
R. Thora Bjornsdottir ◽  
Eric Hehman ◽  
Darren Agboh ◽  
Nicholas O. Rule
Keyword(s):  
Facial Appearance ◽  
New Members ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Resemblance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Trait Impressions

People prefer to form relationships with people like themselves—a tendency that extends even to facial appearance, resulting in groups whose members look alike. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying homophilic resemblance using facial photos of fraternity/sorority members from two time points: before joining the group and after belonging to the group for three years. Analyses of both subjective trait impressions and objective face-shape measurements revealed that not only did group members look alike, they resembled one another even before joining the group. Moreover, photos of potential fraternity recruits revealed that facial appearance predicted both the group that individuals sought to join and the group’s likelihood of accepting them. Individuals, therefore, seek to join groups consisting of people who look like them, and the groups preferentially accept new members who resemble those already in the group. This bidirectional preference for homophily likely perpetuates intragroup homogeneity, suggesting potential implications beyond appearance.

Antisocial Behavior in Individuals and Groups

2018 ◽  
pp. 488-512
Author(s):  
Emanuele Castano ◽  
David Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Dispositional Empathy

In this chapter, a broadened perspective on antisocial behavior is proposed that includes not only what is customarily considered antisocial behavior (e.g., aggression, theft, bullying) but also prejudice and discrimination toward out-group members. This broadening is balanced by a narrowing of the causal factors that are considered, with an exclusive focus on empathy, or lack thereof, as the psychological dimension underlying the diverse types of antisocial behavior. It is argued that antisocial behavior is facilitated not only by low levels of dispositional empathy, but also by social psychological processes that actively curtail empathic reaction to others (us vs. them distinction, dehumanization). The discussion of empathy as a thread common to a variety of antisocial behaviors also serves as a bridge between the personality and social psychological literature.

Resentment and Redemption

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Stephen Reicher ◽  
Yasemin Ulusahin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
New Members ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Collective Victimhood

This chapter examines claims of collective victimhood among high-power groups. Specifically, the authors posit that dominant group members claim victimhood when they think their group’s power and dominance are under threat and when they feel entitled to this dominant position, which together give rise to resentment. Additionally, the authors argue that collective victim beliefs among dominant groups do not develop individually but, instead, are mobilized by leaders, who promise solutions to recovering the group’s status and power and thereby create narratives of resentment and redemption. Two case studies are presented that exemplify the four central elements of the mobilization of collective victimhood among dominant groups. These are Donald Trump’s presidential campaign in the United States in 2016, and the propaganda put out by ISIS to recruit new members.

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Stuttering-Related Podcasts: Audio-Based Self-Help for People Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Dignazio ◽  
Megan M. Kenny ◽  
Erik X. Raj ◽  
Kyle D. Pelkey
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Group Members

Purpose It is known that people who stutter (PWS) benefit from self-help experiences, such as attending support groups or conferences. However, limited research has been done to explore the listening of stuttering-related podcasts as a form of self-help for PWS. This study seeks to understand the reasons why PWS listen to stuttering-related podcasts and provide descriptions of their listening experiences. Method Thirty-three PWS who have listened to stuttering-related podcasts were recruited to participate in an online survey that included multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Responses were analyzed and grouped into descriptive themes. Results Participants reported listening to stuttering-related podcasts as a way to gain information and perspective. They also reported experiences that fit themes of empowerment and camaraderie, as a result of listening. Conclusions Stuttering-related podcasts seem to be a positive self-help tool for PWS. Stuttering support group leaders and/or speech-language pathologists may consider introducing their group members or clients who stutter to this type of audio-based self-help experience.

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