Characterisation of the plane anisotropy and its effect on interstitial free steel thin sheet metal forming simulation

The main purpose of this paper is to study the orthotropic plastic behaviour of the cold-rolled interstitial free steel HC260Y when it is submitted to various loading directions under monotonic tests. The experimental database included tensile tests carried out on specimens (in the as-received condition and after undergoing an annealing heat treatment) cut in different orientations according to the rolling direction. A model was proposed, depending on a plasticity criterion, a hardening law and an evolution law, which takes into account the anisotropy of the material. To validate the proposed identification strategy, a comparison with the experimental results of the planar tension tests, carried out on specimens cut parallel to the rolling direction, was considered. The obtained results allowed the prediction of the behaviour of this material when it is subjected to other solicitations whether simple or compound.

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Determination of $$\varvec{\eta }_{{\varvec{p}}}$$ factor for clamped SENT thin sheet specimens of an Interstitial Free steel

International Journal of Fracture ◽

10.1007/s10704-020-00493-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 227 (2) ◽

pp. 137-152

Author(s):

S. K. Chandra ◽

R. Sarkar ◽

Sukalpa Choudhury ◽

Mrinmoy Jana ◽

P. S. De ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Sheet ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

Interstitial Free Steel ◽

P Factor

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Simulation about Machining Deep Hole in Sheet

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 556-562 ◽

pp. 1017-1020

Author(s):

Xiao Cun Xu ◽

Fei Guo ◽

Feng Qiu ◽

Xiang Kai Xin

Keyword(s):

Thin Sheet ◽

Processing Technology ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Deep Hole ◽

Forming Process ◽

Forming Simulation ◽

Friction Heat ◽

Study Results ◽

Development Direction ◽

Thin Sheet Metal

It is becoming a development direction to study green forming process in mechanical. The processing technology of machining deep hole in relative thin sheet is a kind of green mechanical processing technology in this paper. The process uses the friction between driller and workpiece and plasticity of workpiece to form hole. The new technological process not only saves material, but also saves man-hours, and the workpiece has a good piece of assembly. In this paper, the forming process of deep hole on thin sheet was simulated, and some effect factors of forming hole were studied, such as the stress, temperature and shape of forming area, etc. The forming simulation is proved to be feasible by the test in this paper. The study results are useful to improve the machining parameters, and laid a foundation for further research on forming deep holes process on thin sheet metal by friction heat.

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Lamellar Subdivision during Accumulative Roll Bonding of a Titanium Interstitial Free Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.351 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 495-497 ◽

pp. 351-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ana Carmen C. Reis ◽

Leo Kestens ◽

Yvan Houbaert

Keyword(s):

Shear Strain ◽

Accumulative Roll Bonding ◽

Rolling Direction ◽

Orientation Imaging Microscopy ◽

Lamellar Microstructure ◽

Composite Sample ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

High Angle ◽

Roll Bonding ◽

Interstitial Free Steel

Titanium alloyed interstitial free steel was processed by means of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) in order to obtain an ultrafine grained structure. Ten consecutive rolling passes were applied at 480°C with a nominal reduction of 50% per pass and an intermediate annealing treatment of 5 min. at 500°C. A total true strain was obtained of evM = 8.0 which corresponds to an accumulated reduction of 99.9%. Orientation imaging microscopy was used to evaluate textures and microstructures. A pronounced lamellar structure was observed until the 5th pass with an incidence of high angle grain boundaries predominantly parallel to the rolling direction. After the 6th pass (evM = 4.8) an increased fragmentation perpendicular to the rolling direction starts to develop in spite of the lamellar microstructure with an average spacing of approximately 1 µm. From the 7th pass onwards (evM ≥ 5.6) a random high angle grain boundary distribution develops which results in a more equi-axed ultrafine microstructure after the 9th pass (evM = 7.2) with an average grain width of 200 nm. As the rolling is carried out without lubrication, the surface areas display a slightly more fragmented structure than the midlayer sections and typical shear texture components are present in these surface zones (<110>//ND and <211>//ND fibre). Although the sheets are stacked upon each other after each subsequent pass, the shear strain microstructural and textural features are rapidly decomposed in the midlayer in each subsequent rolling pass which is clearly revealed by the cross sectional orientation scan on the composite sample. Hence it cannot be concluded that the surface shear strain significantly contributes to the grain fragmentation in the bulk volume of the composite sample.

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Effect of Annealing on the Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Severely Deformed Interstitial Free Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1817 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 706-709 ◽

pp. 1817-1822 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sujoy S. Hazra ◽

Azdiar A. Gazder ◽

Elena V. Pereloma

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Uniaxial Tensile ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

Abnormal Growth ◽

Angular Pressing ◽

Interstitial Free Steel ◽

Back Scattering ◽

Cold Rolled ◽

Shear Punch Testing

Ti-stabilised interstitial free (IF) steel initially subjected to 8 passes, route BCequal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was further cold rolled (CR) at room temperature to 95% thickness reduction. Both samples were isothermally annealed at 710 °C following which their microstructures and micro-textures were compared via electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties first obtained by shear punch testing (SPT) were later corroborated by uniaxial tensile tests. In the case of the ECAP material, continuous recrystallisation is followed by abnormal growth at prolonged annealing times with minor increases in high angle boundary (HAGB) fraction. On the other hand, the additionally CR material shows continuous recrystallisation accompanied by a reduction in the HAGB fraction. After 15 s annealing, the ECAP and CR samples exhibit a good strength-ductility balance; which corresponds to ~52% and ~67% softening, respectively.

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Material Selection for a Fuel Tank and its FE Simulation in deep drawing

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ◽

10.35121/ijapie201801121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 01-04

Author(s):

Vijay Gautam ◽

◽

Subhajit Konar

Keyword(s):

Tensile Properties ◽

Deep Drawing ◽

Fe Simulation ◽

Material Selection ◽

Sheet Material ◽

Rolling Direction ◽

Fuel Tank ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

Deep Draw ◽

Interstitial Free Steel

Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which deformation forces are oriented in the plane of the sheet, and the surface pressures in the tool are generally lower than the yield stress of the sheet material. The present work discusses the selection of sheet material suitable for a fuel tank by experimental evaluation of tensile properties of interstitial free steel and deep draw quality steel sheets of the same thickness of 0.8mm. The tensile specimens are laser cut from a blank with a known rolling direction and are tested for tensile properties and anisotropy. These tensile properties of the sheets are used in the material model in FE simulation of the deep draw process using HyperWorks. It is observed that an optimum blank holder force is necessary to remove the wrinkling defects. It is concluded that higher ductility and normal anisotropy are the key factors for higher thinning resistance in deep drawing and hence, interstitial free steel sheet qualifies as the better material for the fuel tank.

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Forming Simulation Considering the Differential Work Hardening Behavior of a Cold Rolled Interstitial-Free Steel Sheet

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 611-612 ◽

pp. 56-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Ichikawa ◽

Toshihiko Kuwabara ◽

Sam Coppieters

Keyword(s):

Plastic Strain ◽

Steel Sheet ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

Stress Space ◽

Forming Simulation ◽

Interstitial Free Steel ◽

Plastic Deformation Behavior ◽

Cold Rolled ◽

Tubular Specimens

The multiaxial plastic deformation behavior of a cold rolled interstitial-free steel sheet with a thickness of 0.65 mm was measured using a servo-controlled multiaxial tube expansion testing machine for the range of strain from initial yield to fracture. Tubular specimens were fabricated from the sheet sample by roller bending and laser welding. Many linear stress paths in the first quadrant of stress space were applied to the tubular specimens to measure the contours of plastic work in stress space up to an equivalent plastic strain of 0.289 along with the directions of plastic strain rates. The test material exhibited differential hardening (DWH). A material modeling method for reproducing the DWH in a finite element simulation has been developed. Hydraulic bulge forming simulation results based on the DWH model had a closer agreement with the experimental results than those calculated using the isotropic hardening models with selected yield functions.

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Experimental and numerical investigations on springback in V-bending of tailor-welded blanks of interstitial free steel

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/0954405416687146 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 232 (12) ◽

pp. 2178-2191 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vijay Gautam ◽

D Ravi Kumar

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Weld Zone ◽

Rolling Direction ◽

Weld Line ◽

Material Model ◽

Finite Element Simulations ◽

Interstitial Free ◽

Tailor Welded Blanks ◽

Interstitial Free Steel ◽

Predicted Values

Tailor-welded blanks of interstitial free steel are commonly used in complex automotive skin panels. The presence of weld zone, difference in thickness and high anisotropic behaviour affect forming behaviour of tailor-welded blanks significantly. Therefore, incorporation of anisotropy of the sheets and properties of the weld zone in finite element simulations is very important for accurate prediction of springback in bending of tailor-welded blanks. In this study, experimental and finite element simulations of V-bending were carried out on tailor-welded blanks of three thickness combinations, prepared by Nd-YAG laser welding of interstitial free steel sheets of thicknesses 0.8, 1.2 and 1.5 mm. The orientation of the weld line in longitudinally welded blanks was kept at 0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the rolling direction to study the effects of anisotropy on springback in V-bending. The tensile properties of the weld zone in different thickness combinations were determined and incorporated in finite element simulations for prediction of springback. It was observed that springback results were mainly governed by the springback behaviour of the thicker sheet in a particular thickness combination. Weld zone properties affect the springback of tailor-welded blanks more significantly than the anisotropy of the sheets. Accuracy of predicted values of springback in simulations increased when the properties of the weld zone were incorporated in the material model.

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