Tribological Study of HVOF Sprayed Tungsten Carbide Coated Stainless Steel

Corrosion and Wear, or a combination of both, are the main causes of degradation of metals used in the various industrial sectors. Degradation of the metals can be slowed down by adding a layer of resistant coating on the metal surface. This coating separates the base metal from a corrosive environment, reduces wear, and improves the appearance of the metal. The workpiece after coating becomes a composite that has properties far better than the substrate alone. There are various coating techniques, HVOF is one of the most important and widely used processes to protect the metals from wear, corrosion by providing hard and dense coatings. WC coating done by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray method is the widely used method for providing a layer of corrosive resistance to a wide range of materials that are used in many different industries. In this study, Tungsten carbide (WC-12CO) Coating, HVOF Spray method was studied in great detail. Tungsten Carbide coating was done on a SUS400 Stainless steel substrate using HVOF Spray Process. An, Experiment was done to analyze the various effect of different parameters namely, oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate, spray distance on hardness, and surface roughness of a SUS 400 Stainless Steel substrate. Process optimization was done by using Taguchi and ANOVA methods. It was found that achieving maximum hardness was greatly dependent on propane (fuel) rate followed by powder rate, spray distance, and oxygen rate. The hardness decreases with the increasing fuel rate. And, achieving minimum surface roughness was greatly dependent on spray distance followed by oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate. Surface Roughness increases with increasing spray distance.

Reducing Cycle Time of Machining a Manifold on a CNC Machine

This report focuses on the different methods to improve productivity at the management level, at the machine shop, and of machining methods. The various parameters affecting machining productivity i.e., cycle time, set-up time, idle time, operator skill level, etc. including how CNC machining helps in optimizing these parameters are discussed and analyzed in this paper. The effect of different cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, the effect of coolant, etc. is also examined. Various methods of machining for different processes which help to improve the productivity of the process are explored. A case study on machining of an aluminum manifold is done in which the existing process for machining is analyzed and various experiments are performed in order to find out the optimum cutting parameters and minimizing the cycle time of production of the manifold. The result helps to reduce the cycle time by a significant amount thereby reducing the total cost of production and increasing the production rate of the component with negligible capital investment.

Design and Analysis of Lightweight Fire Extinguishers using Alternately Available Metals

This research aims to optimize the weight of already existing fire extinguishers containing Carbon Dioxide as per BIS standards IS 2190: 2010 and IS 7285-1: 2004. In the paper, an optimized and new design is proposed to minimize the weight of the pressure vessel making it easier to store in smaller compartments and also allowing faster hand-held use during an emergency. The weight has been reduced substantially by using proposed materials and FEA simulations were performed on the model to check for failures under the set test conditions with the aim to minimize the volume of metal used that is able to withstand the hydrostatic load of pressure gas. ANSYS Mechanical 18.2 was used for performing 3d pressure analysis while the model was designed on Solidworks 2016. A Multi Frontal Direct Solver was preferred to reach the solutions in every case. The analysis results of all the materials were compared and finally, a material was selected that was tough enough to clear the safety standards and extremely light so that even old people could use it without any issues. A simple shell of Titanium Grade-5 Alloy was found to be the proper and optimal choice to obtain good mechanical properties and lightweight.

Experimental Evaluation of Adhesion Strength of 3D Printing on Cotton Fabric in Shear Mode

Post-consumer plastics become an issue to the environment due to their stable and non-biodegradable nature. Their management is essential today and starts from the source of utility through segregation to the place where proper care can be taken place that includes landfills or energy recovery areas or place of recycling. The present work is a step towards the development of an environmentally friendly and sustainable depolymerization method of bisphenol A-based polycarbonate. Chemical recycling has come up with various advantages in comparison to the traditional recycling methods for plastics. The reaction has been performed with environmentally friendly green solvents and also with green reagents like alumina and montmorillonite clays.

Real-Time Monitoring and Detection of Emissions in Vehicles

This research aims to optimize the weight of already existing fire extinguishers containing Carbon Dioxide as per BIS standards IS 2190: 2010 and IS 7285-1: 2004. In the paper, an optimized and new design is proposed to minimize the weight of the pressure vessel making it easier to store in smaller compartments and also allowing faster hand-held use during an emergency. The weight has been reduced substantially by using proposed materials and FEA simulations were performed on the model to check for failures under the set test conditions with the aim to minimize the volume of metal used that is able to withstand the hydrostatic load of pressure gas. ANSYS Mechanical 18.2 was used for performing 3d pressure analysis while the model was designed on Solidworks 2016. A Multi Frontal Direct Solver was preferred to reach the solutions in every case. The analysis results of all the materials were compared and finally, a material was selected that was tough enough to clear the safety standards and extremely light so that even old people could use it without any issues. A simple shell of Titanium Grade-5 Alloy was found to be the proper and optimal choice to obtain good mechanical properties and lightweight.

Blockchain Technology: A literature review

In the way of digitization, Blockchain Technology is regarded by many researchers and innovators as one of the most significant disruptive technology that “will revolutionize business and redefine companies and economies. This paper is based on the growing present anticipation that blockchain technology will have a profound impact on many sectors of the industry including, for instance, financial services, supply chain management, manufacturing, healthcare, fashion, and entertainment. Extensive literature is explored of peer-reviewed journals focusing about its working, in other than above area like smart contracts, pass, adaptation in various countries, its acceptance by peoples and about their potential uses, with their challenging impact in society and technology.

Effect of Irregularities on Seismic Performance of Buildings– A Review

Building structures are subjected to vibrations due to earthquake activity. There are many characteristics that induce irregularities in buildings. Apart from other reasons, these irregularities may be; many times; due to non-uniform distribution of mass, stiffness, or strength in the structure of the building. Due to such irregularities; buildings are subjected to some undesirable effects which make them weaker compared to regular buildings. Indian Standard code of practice IS 1893 – (Part 1): 2016 [1] details guidelines to be followed so that buildings are less and less irregular. Many times such guidelines may be the result of past studies of actual performances of buildings in seismic events. It is the intended purpose of this paper to bring a review of standard guidelines which are important for irregular buildings for preventing various typical damages to occur in seismic conditions. Typical examples of past damages have been provided to draw lessons.

A Review on Development of Soft Gripper Using 4D Printing

Improvements in soft robotics, materials, and flexible gripper technology made it possible for the soft grippers to advance rapidly. A brief analysis of soft robotic grippers featuring various material collections, physical rules, and system architectures is provided here. Soft gripping is divided into three technologies, enabling gripping with: a) actuation, b) material used, and c) Use of 3D printing in fabricating grippers. An informative analysis is provided of every form. Similar to stiff grippers, flexible and elastic end-effectors may also grab or control a broader variety of objects. The inherent versatility of the materials is increasingly being used to study advanced materials and soft structures, particularly silicone elastomers, shape-memory materials, active polymers, and gels, in the development of compact, simple, and more versatile grippers. For future work, enhanced structures, techniques, and senses play a prominent part.

Design and Development of Ultra Violet Curing Based 3-D Printer

UV light technology-based 3D printer is commonly known as Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer. Photopolymers in liquid form is cured under the beam of UV light to form layer by layer 3D model. A beam of light is pointed that cures a limited area and takes a long time to 3D print a part. An effort has been made in this work to design and fabricate a mask and UV light-based 3D printer for printing 3D models from a liquid photopolymer resin. Samples were also printed to evaluate the performance of this printer. Performance tests were very positive to make this model a commercial machine for printing models for medical applications.

Performance of Infill Framed Structures During Earthquake: A State-of-the- Art Review

Masonry infill walls are widely known to increase the lateral stiffness of the structure and for this reason, it is accepted all over the world. This paper presents a review work on the performance of infill framed structures that were damaged during several earthquakes. A study of the behavior of damaged buildings during different earthquakes in the world has been carried out. The mentioned earthquakes substantially caused damage to the RC buildings. The RC buildings were damaged primarily because of improper design and reinforcement detailing at the design phase and improper workmanship and quality control at the construction phase. The main objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill walls and without masonry infill walls all over the world.