scholarly journals The meaning of autonomy when living with dementia: A Q-method investigation

Dementia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147130122097306
Author(s):  
Sarah E Wolfe ◽  
Beth Greenhill ◽  
Sarah Butchard ◽  
Jennie Day
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Global Action ◽  
The Right ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Core Problem ◽  
Global Action Plan

Background and Aims Sensitivity to the rights of people with dementia is a key principle cited in the World Health Organisation’s global action plan on dementia. Some critics question whether rights-based approaches embody loose and ill-defined ideas incapable of bringing about meaningful change. Exercising the right to autonomy is considered a core problem for people living with dementia. The tradition of individual sovereignty dominates ideas about autonomy, although the person as an individual is not a cross-culturally universal concept. This study explored the viewpoints of people with dementia and family carers regarding the meaning of autonomy with a view to informing rights-based practice. Methods Twenty participants, people living with dementia and family carers, each conducted a Q-sort of statements regarding the meaning of autonomy. A by-person factor analysis was used to identify patterns in how the range of statements about autonomy were ranked. Results Three factors emerged: retaining independence and self-expression, accepting dependence but being included and opportunity for connection. There was some agreement across these different views regarding the importance of being given time to think before making decisions and being kept active. Conclusions This study highlights the need for a person-centred approach to supporting people with dementia to claim their rights and the importance of adopting a stance of curiosity and critical thinking in rights-based training and professional practice. The findings suggest a variety of meaningful stories of autonomy and the possibility of further developing existing rights-based frameworks for dementia care.

scholarly journals The global governance of antimicrobial resistance: a cross-country study of alignment between the global action plan and national action plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Munkholm ◽  
Olivier Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Global Action Plan

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem worldwide in need of global coordinated action. With the endorsement of the Global Action Plan (GAP) on AMR in 2015, the 194 member states of the World Health Organization committed to integrating the five objectives and corresponding actions of the GAP into national action plans (NAPs) on AMR. The article analyzes patterns of alignment between existing NAPs and the GAP, bringing to the fore new methodologies for exploring the relationship between globally driven health policies and activities at the national level, taking income, geography and governance factors into account. Methods The article investigates the global governance of AMR. Concretely, two proxies are devised to measure vertical and horizontal alignment between the GAP and existing NAPs: (i) a syntactic indicator measuring the degree of verbatim overlap between the GAP and the NAPs; and (ii) a content indicator measuring the extent to which the objectives and corresponding actions outlined in the GAP are addressed in the NAPs. Vertical alignment is measured by the extent to which each NAP overlaps with the GAP. Horizontal alignment is explored by measuring the degree to which NAPs overlap with other NAPs across regions and income groups. In addition, NAP implementation is explored using the Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self-Assessment. Findings We find strong evidence of vertical alignment, particularly among low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries but weaker evidence of horizontal alignment within regions. In general, we find the NAPs in our sample to be mostly aligned with the GAP’s five overarching objectives while only moderately aligned with the recommended corresponding actions. Furthermore, we see several cases of what can be termed ‘isomorphic mimicry’, characterized by strong alignment in the policies outlined but much lower levels of alignment in terms of actual implemented policies. Conclusion To strengthen the alignment of national AMR policies, we recommend global governance initiatives based on individualized responsibilities some of which should be legally binding. Our study provides limited evidence of horizontal alignment within regions, which implies that regional governance institutions (e.g., WHO regional offices) should primarily act as mediators between global and local demands to strengthen a global governance regime that minimizes policy fragmentation and mimicry behavior across member states.

scholarly journals Poliovirus-nonsusceptible Vero cell line for the World Health Organization global action plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura ◽  
Kenji Someya ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamaji ◽  
Kyoko Saito ◽  
Makoto Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Action Plan

AbstractPolio or poliomyelitis is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus (PV). As a consequence of global polio vaccination efforts, wild PV serotype 2 has been eradicated, and wild PV serotypes 1- and 3-transmitted cases have been largely eliminated except for in limited regions around the world. However, vaccine-derived PV, pathogenically reverted live PV vaccine strains in vaccinated humans, has become a serious issue. For the global eradication of polio, the World Health Organization is conducting the third edition of the Global Action Plan, which is requesting stringent control of potentially PV-infected materials. To facilitate the mission, we generated a PV-nonsusceptible Vero cell subline, which may serve as an ideal replacement of standard Vero cells to isolate emerging/re-emerging viruses without the risk of generating PV-infected materials.

Physical Activity Is an Opportunity for the Health of Nations: What Should We Do Next?

Praxis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Gojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Declaration Of Geneva ◽  
Global Action Plan

Abstract. Physical activity provides huge opportunities for the health of nations. Understanding this, the World Health Organization has published a Global Action Plan which aims to provide member states with a framework for action, namely to create active societies, people, environments and systems. The target is set at a 15 % reduction in physical inactivity levels by 2030. We explore in this paper some of the challenges and opportunities that come with it, and give the practitioner some real-world opportunities for relevant action at the local level, as well as for their patients, staying true to the Physician’s Pledge (Declaration of Geneva): “I will attend to my own health, well-being, and abilities in order to provide care of the highest standard.”

scholarly journals Hitting the Target but Missing the Point? Modelling Health and Economic Impacts of Different Approaches to Meeting the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity Target

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Mizdrak ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
Christine Cleghorn ◽  
Tony Blakely ◽  
Justin Richards
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Global Action Plan

Abstract Background The World Health Organization launched the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity (GAPPA) in 2018, which set a global target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity by 2030. This target, however, could be acheived in various ways. Methods We use an established multi-state life table model to estimate the health and economic gains that would accrue over the lifetime of the 2011 New Zealand population if the GAPPA target was met under two different approaches: (1) an equal shift approach where physical activity increases by the same absolute amount for everyone; (2) a proportional shift approach where physical activity increases proportionally to current activity levels. Findings An equal shift approach to meeting the GAPPA target would result in 197,000 health-adjusted life-years (HALYs) gained (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 152,000–246,000) and healthcare system cost savings of US$1.57b (95%UI $1.16b–$2.03b; 0% discount rate). A proportional shift to the GAPPA target would result in 158,000 HALYs (95%UI 127,000–194,000) and US$1.29billion (95%UI $0.99b–$1.64b) savings to the healthcare system. Interpretation Achieving the GAPPA target would result in large health gains and savings to the healthcare system. However, not all population approaches to increasing physical activity are equal—some population shifts bring greater health benefits. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the entire population physical activity distribution in addition to evaluating progress towards a target.

Physical Activity Is an Opportunity for the Health of Nations: What Should We Do Next?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Declaration Of Geneva ◽  
Global Action Plan

Physical activity provides huge opportunities for the health of nations. Understanding this, the World Health Organization has published a Global Action Plan which aims to provide member states with a framework for action, namely to create active societies, people, environments and systems. The target is set at a 15% reduction in physical inactivity levels by 2030. We explore in this paper some of the challenges and opportunities that come with it, and give the practitioner some real-world opportunities for relevant action at the local level, as well as for their patients, staying true to the Physician’s Pledge (Declaration of Geneva): “I will attend to my own health, well-being, and abilities in order to provide care of the highest standard.”

scholarly journals Poliovirus-nonsusceptible Vero cell line for the World Health Organization global action plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura ◽  
Kenji Someya ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamaji ◽  
Kyoko Saito ◽  
Makoto Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Action Plan

AbstractPolio or poliomyelitis is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus (PV). As a consequence of global polio vaccination efforts, wild PV serotypes 2 and 3 have been eradicated around the world, and wild PV serotype 1-transmitted cases have been largely eliminated except for limited regions. However, vaccine-derived PV, pathogenically reverted live PV vaccine strains, has become a serious issue. For the global eradication of polio, the World Health Organization is conducting the third edition of the Global Action Plan, which is requesting stringent control of potentially PV-infected materials. To facilitate the mission, we generated a PV-nonsusceptible Vero cell subline, which may serve as an ideal replacement of standard Vero cells to isolate emerging/re-emerging viruses without the risk of generating PV-infected materials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance as a Global Health Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Baekkeskov ◽  
Olivier Rubin ◽  
Louise Munkholm ◽  
Wesal Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Global Initiatives ◽  
Global Action Plan

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis estimated to be responsible for 700,000 yearly deaths worldwide. Since the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Action Plan on AMR in 2015, national governments in more than 120 countries have developed national action plans. Notwithstanding this progress, AMR still has limited political commitment, and existing global efforts may be too slow to counter its rise. The article presents five characteristics of the global AMR health crisis that complicate the translation from global attention to effective global initiatives. AMR is (a) a transboundary crisis that suffers from collective action problems, (b) a super wicked and creeping crisis, (c) the product of trying to solve other global threats, (d) suffering from lack of advocacy, and (e) producing distributional and ethical dilemmas. Applying these five different crisis lenses, the article reviews central global initiatives, including the Global Action Plan on AMR and the recommendations of the Interagency Coordination Group on AMR. It argues that the five crisis lenses offer useful entry points for social science analyses that further nuance the existing global governance debate of AMR as a global health crisis.

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