scholarly journals Decline in Pneumonia and Acute Otitis Media after the Introduction of Childhood Pneumococcal Vaccination in Liguria, Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ansaldi ◽  
L Sticchi ◽  
P Durando ◽  
R Carloni ◽  
P Oreste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Before And After

The effect of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization programme on pneumococcal-associated or potentially pneumococcal-associated hospital admissions in the Italian region of Liguria was assessed. Hospital admission rates were compared in subjects belonging to birth cohorts before and after the introduction of widespread immunization for 0 − 2-year old children with a seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Significant reductions in hospitalization rates for all-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia and for acute otitis media were observed in subjects born after widespread uptake of the vaccine. The preventive fraction (a measure of vaccine effectiveness) ranged from 15.2% for all-cause pneumonia to 70.5% for pneumococcal pneumonia. This study contributes to the growing body of information that supports the beneficial effect of PCV7 vaccination.

Evolving microbiology of complicated acute otitis media before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in France

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Dupont ◽  
Farah Mahjoub-Messai ◽  
Martine François ◽  
Catherine Doit ◽  
Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Trends in adult otitis media incidence - a 20-year national observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gisselsson-Solen
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Watchful Waiting ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
National Database ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in childhood, but much less prevalent in adults, where it, however, tends to have a less benign course. The incidence of OM in children has decreased in recent years, which might be partly explained by the introduction of watchful waiting strategies, and by the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (PCV) in children. Adult OM has been sparsely studied, and it is not known whether a herd immunity effect has been achieved after the introduction of PCV. Watchful waiting is usually not considered in adult OM patients. The purpose of this study was to use a national database to investigate the incidence of adult OM in Sweden during the last 20 years. Design: The yearly number of patients aged 20 and over, admitted to hospital with OM was obtained through a national database from 2000 to 2019. The corresponding numbers for outpatients were obtained between 2005 and 2019. Main outcome measures: incidence of acute otitis media in adults in in- and outpatient care. Results: Incidence rates decreased steadily during the study period. Comparing data on hospitalised patients from 2016-2019 to 2005-2008 (PCV was introduced in 2009), the incidence rate ratio was 0.49 (95% CI 0.45-0.53); p<0.0001. The corresponding figures for outpatients were 0.62 (95% CI 0.61-0.63); p<0.0001. The decrease in hospital admissions was most pronounced among younger patients, whereas the opposite was true for outpatient visits. Conclusions: There has been a continuous decrease in incidence of adult patients admitted to hospital with OM in Sweden during the last twenty years. Outpatient visits for OM have declined since 2009.

Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem O. Tawfik ◽  
Stacey L. Ishman ◽  
Mekibib Altaye ◽  
Jareen Meinzen-Derr ◽  
Daniel I. Choo
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Admission Prevalence

Objectives (1) Describe longitudinal trends in annual prevalence of hospital admission for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) and complications of AOM (CAOM) since introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in 2000 and (2) describe the longitudinal trend of prevalence of hospital admission for pneumococcal meningitis in children with AOM-related diagnoses in the postvaccination era. Study Design Retrospective analysis of Kids’ Inpatient Database from 2000 to 2012. Setting Community, nonrehabilitation hospitals. Subjects and Methods To determine annual prevalence of admission for AOM/CAOM, nationally weighted frequencies of children aged <21 years with acute suppurative otitis media, acute mastoiditis, suppurative labyrinthitis, and/or acute petrositis were collected. The frequency of coexisting pneumococcal meningitis diagnoses among these patients was also collected. Trend analysis of prevalences of admission for AOM/CAOM and for pneumococcal meningitis occurring in the setting of AOM/CAOM from 2000 to 2012 was performed. Results Between 2000 and 2012, annual prevalence of admission for AOM/CAOM decreased from 3.956 to 2.618 per 100,000 persons ( P < .0001) (relative risk reduction 34%). Declines in admission prevalence were most pronounced in children <1 year of age (from 22.647 to 8.715 per 100,000 persons between 2000 and 2012, P < .0001) and 1 to 2 years of age (from 13.652 to 5.554 per 100,000 persons between 2000 and 2012, P < .0001). For all ages, the admission prevalence for pneumococcal meningitis and concomitant AOM/CAOM decreased (from 1.760 to 0.717 per 1,000,000 persons, P < .0001) over the study period. Conclusions The prevalence of hospital admission for pediatric AOM/CAOM has declined since the advent of pneumococcal vaccination. Admission rates for pneumococcal meningitis with AOM/CAOM have similarly declined.

Changes in Otitis Media Episodes and Pressure Equalization Tube Insertions Among Young Children Following Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A Birth Cohort–based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2162-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Wiese ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Chang Yu ◽  
Edward F Mitchel ◽  
Moe H Kyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Pressure Equalization ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction on the occurrence of first and subsequent otitis media (OM) episodes in early childhood is unclear. We compared the risk of OM episodes among children age <2 years before and after PCV13 introduction, accounting for the dependence between OM episodes. Methods We identified consecutive annual (July–June) cohorts of Tennessee Medicaid–enrolled children (2006–2014) from birth through age 2 years. We identified OM episodes using coded diagnoses (we classified diagnoses <21 days apart as the same episode). We modeled adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for OM comparing 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7)–era (2006–2010) and PCV13-era (2011–2014) birth cohorts, accounting for risk factors and dependence between first and subsequent episodes. Secondary analyses examined pressure equalization tube (PET) insertions and compared the risk of recurrent OM (≥3 episodes in 6 months or ≥4 episodes in 12 months) between PCV7- and PCV13-era birth cohorts. Results We observed 618 968 OM episodes and 24 875 PET insertions among 368 063 children. OM and PET insertion rates increased during the PCV7 years and declined after PCV13 introduction. OM and PET insertion risks were lower in the 2013–2014 cohort compared with the 2009–2010 cohort (aHRs [95% confidence interval], 0.92 [.91–.93] and 0.76 [.72–.80], respectively). PCV13 introduction was associated with declines in the risk of first, subsequent, and recurrent OM. Conclusions The transition from PCV7 to PCV13 was associated with a decline of OM among children aged <2 years due to a reduction in the risk of both the first and subsequent OM episodes.

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