scholarly journals Travel in the Physical and Mental Space: A Behavioral Assessment of the Phylogenetic Continuity Hypothesis Between Egocentric Navigation and Episodic Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470492110408
Author(s):  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Annalisa Tosoni ◽  
Matteo Frisoni ◽  
Rosalia Di Matteo ◽  
Carlo Sestieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Egocentric Navigation ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Based on the neuro-functional association between navigation in the physical and the mental space at the level of the hippocampal-entorhinal system, Buzsáki and Moser (2013) have hypothesized a phylogenetic continuity between spatial navigation and declarative memory functions. According to this proposal, mechanisms of episodic and semantic memory would have evolved from mechanisms of self-based and map-based navigation in the physical space, respectively. Using classic versions of path integration and item recognition tasks in human subjects, we have recently described a correlation and a predictive relationship between abilities in egocentric navigation and episodic memory. Here we aim at confirming and extending this association to the dynamic component of sequential updating in the physical (egocentric navigation) and mental (episodic memory) space, and at investigating the relationship of these self-centered abilities with semantic memory. To this aim, we developed three new experimental tasks in which the dynamic component of updating information is particularly emphasized in the spatial, the temporal, and the semantic domain. The contribution of visual short-term memory to the three tasks was also controlled by including an additional task. The results confirmed the existence of a direct and predictive relationship between self-based spatial navigation and episodic memory. We also found a significant association between egocentric navigation and semantic memory, but this relationship was explained by short-term memory abilities and was mediated by episodic memory functions. Our results support the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between mechanisms that allow spatial navigation in the physical space and time travel in the mental space.

scholarly journals Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Committeri ◽  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽  
Marco Lagatta ◽  
Ford Burles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW ON “MEMORY DYSFUNCTION, TYPES OF MEMORY, AND ITS CLINICAL DISORDERS”

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Jaysing Bhor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Disorders

ABSTRACTAll things considered, memory debilitation is ordinarily seen by doctors in different controls including neurology, psychiatry, pharmaceutical, andsurgery. Memory misfortune is frequently the most crippling element of numerous disarranges, hindering the typical every day exercises of thepatients, and significantly influencing their families. A few recognitions about memory, for example, the ideas of “short term” and “long haul” haveoffered route to a more refined understanding and enhanced order frameworks. These progressions result from neuropsychological investigationsof patients with central mind injuries, neuroanatomical studies in people and creatures, tests in creatures, positron-discharge tomography, usefulattractive reverberation imaging, and possibilities. Memory is presently comprehended to be a gathering of mental capacities that rely on a fewframeworks inside the cerebrum. In this article, we will talk about the accompanying four memory frameworks that are of clinical significance: Wordymemory, semantic memory, procedural memory, and working memory. Memory frameworks can be isolated into those that are definitive and thosethat are non-decisive. Revelatory or express memory will be memory for occasions that can be deliberately reviewed. Non-definitive or verifiablememory, by correlation, is memory that is communicated as an adjustment in conduct and is regularly oblivious.Keywords: Episodic memory, Semantic memory, Working memory, Agnosia, Brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Wernicke–Korsakoff’s Syndrome.

scholarly journals A bilingual advantage in memory capacity: Assessing the roles of proficiency, number of languages acquired and age of acquisition

2020 ◽  
pp. 136700692096571
Author(s):  
Ezequiel M. Durand López
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
L2 Learners

Aims and objectives: This study examines whether different types of bilingualism modulate memory capacity differently. More specifically, the study assesses the effects of age of acquisition, number of languages acquired and proficiency in the second language (L2) on phonological short-term memory, visuospatial memory and semantic memory. Design: Memory capacity was measured by means of three tasks: the digit span task (phonological short-term memory); the Corsi block task (visuospatial memory); and the word span task (semantic memory). Participants were divided into five groups based on the number of languages acquired, age of acquisition and proficiency: monolinguals, intermediate L2 learners, advanced L2 learners, simultaneous bilinguals and multilinguals. Data and analysis: Analyses of variance were used to analyze participants’ scores for each of the memory tasks. Findings and conclusions: For the word span task, no significant differences were found among the groups, which supports the notion that semantic memory is language independent. Furthermore, intermediate and advanced L2 learners and multilinguals presented significantly higher phonological short-term memory spans compared to simultaneous bilinguals. Finally, intermediate L2 learners and multilinguals significantly outperformed monolinguals on visuospatial memory spans. Results suggest that L2 acquisition might strengthen both visuospatial and phonological short-term memory, which in turn tend to improve as L2 proficiency increases. Originality: While previous studies have provided evidence of a bilingual advantage in memory capacity, these studies have generally grouped different types of bilinguals together (e.g., L2 leaners and heritage speakers). This study takes a step forward by examining differences in memory capacity across different types of bilinguals and in comparison to their monolingual peers in order to better understand the cognitive effects of bilingualism. Significance and implications: When considering age of acquisition, number of languages acquired and proficiency as grouping factors, different effects of bilingualism on memory capacity can be observed. Future studies on this matter should include bilingual participants that are comparable with regard to the aforementioned variables.

scholarly journals Feature binding in short-term memory and long-term learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Shimi ◽  
Robert H Logie
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Short Term

In everyday experience, we encounter visual feature combinations. Some combinations are learned to support object recognition, and some are arbitrary and rapidly changing, so are retained briefly to complete ongoing tasks before being updated or forgotten. However, the boundary conditions between temporary retention of fleeting feature combinations and learning of feature bindings are unclear. Logie, Brockmole, and Vandenbroucke demonstrated that 60 repetitions of the same feature bindings for change detection resulted in no learning, but clear learning occurred with cued recall of the feature names. We extended those studies in two new experiments with the same array of colour–shape–location combinations repeated for 120 trials. In Experiment 1, change detection was well above chance from Trial 1, but improved only after 40 to 60 trials for participants who subsequently reported becoming aware of the repetition, and after 100 to 120 trials for participants reporting no awareness. Performance improved rapidly in Experiment 2 when participants reconstructed the array by selecting individual features from sets of colours, shapes, and locations. All participants subsequently reported becoming aware of the repetition. We conclude that change detection involves a visual cache memory that functions from the first trial, and retains feature bindings only for the duration of a trial. In addition, a weak residual episodic memory trace accumulates slowly across repetitions, eventually resulting in learning. Reconstructing feature combinations generates a much stronger episodic memory trace from trial to trial, and so learning is faster with performance supported both by the limited capacity visual cache and learning of the array.

Hippocampal cavities in elderly subjects - prevalence, evolution and impact on cognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 849-849
Author(s):  
F. Riese ◽  
O. Ballach ◽  
H. Suliman ◽  
H.-J. Geertz ◽  
H. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hippocampal cavities (HcC) are frequent findings in brain MRIs of elderly subjects. The prevalence, evolution and impact on cognitive performance of these cavities are unclear. Our study therefore aims at providing data on prevalence, morphological evolution and clinical significance of HcC. We used a population-based sample of nondemented elderly subjects aged 75–85 and a comparison group with Alzheimer's disease for cross-sectional analysis. All nondemented subjects were included in a prospective study (mean follow-up 3.2 years). HcC numbers and volume were recorded from volumetric T1w MRI scans. Serial MRIs were performed for a subgroup of subjects. Cognitive functions were assessed by SIDAM and CDR. Hippocampal and brain volume, medial temporal lobe atrophy, white matter lesions, ApoE genotype and vascular risk factors were considered as confounders. The prevalence of HcC in our sample was approx. 60% with no differences between cognitive groups. HcC volume was found to be a predictor of short-term episodic memory performance. The effect of HcC volume was non-linear with the highest risk for decrease in short-term memory associated with the smallest HcC volumes. Mean HcC number and volume remained stable during follow-up. However, we provide anectodal evidence for both cases with increase and decrease of HcC volume over time. In conclusion, small HcC may be an independent risk factor for decline in short term episodic memory performance in elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Experimental effects of acute exercise on forgetting

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
D.C. Moore ◽  
S. Ryu ◽  
P.D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractObjectivePrior research has evaluated the effects of acute exercise on episodic memory function. These studies have, on occasion, demonstrated that acute exercise may enhance both short- and long-term memory. It is uncertain as to whether the acute exercise improvements in long-term memory are a result of acute exercise attenuating declines in long-term memory, or rather, are driven by the enhancement effects of acute exercise on short-term memory. The present empirical study evaluates whether the decline from short- to long-term is influenced by acute exercise. This relationship is plausible as exercise has been shown to activate neurophysiological pathways (e.g., RAC1) that are involved in the mechanisms of forgetting.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of acute exercise on forgetting, we used data from 12 of our laboratory's prior experiments (N = 538). Across these 12 experiments, acute exercise ranged from 10 to 15 mins in duration (moderate-to-vigorous intensity). Episodic memory was assessed from word-list or paragraph-based assessments. Short-term memory was assessed immediately after encoding, with long-term memory assessed approximately 20-min later. Forgetting was calculated as the difference in short- and long-term memory performance.ResultsAcute exercise (vs. seated control) was not associated with an attenuated forgetting effect (d = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.25, P = 0.17). We observed no evidence of a significant moderation effect (Q = 6.16, df = 17, P = 0.17, I2 = 0.00) for any of the evaluated parameters, including study design, exercise intensity and delay period.ConclusionAcross our 12 experimental studies, acute exercise was not associated with an attenuated forgetting effect. We discuss these implications for future research that evaluates the effects of acute exercise on long-term memory function.

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