Using Goal Directed Task Analysis with Army Brigade Officer Teams

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Bolstad ◽  
Jennifer M. Riley ◽  
Debra G. Jones ◽  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Individual

A greater understanding of team cognitive processes can be facilitated by identifying the individual goals of the team members and their situation awareness (SA) requirements. In some environments, such as military operations, the shear complexity, size, and composition of the team make this research quite challenging. Using a form of cognitive task analysis, we have developed an approach to address some of these team issues. In this paper we discuss the use of goal directed cognitive task analysis (GDTA) to obtain an accurate depiction of the SA requirements and key goals for several brigade officers. We further discuss how this information is being used to address team issues such as designing systems for enhancing team performance and decision making with Army brigade officers.

scholarly journals Cognitive Task Analysis Methods in Envisioned Tactical Command Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Nicolette M. McGeorge ◽  
Stephanie Kane ◽  
Chris Muller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Types Of Information

The battlespace is a volatile and complex environment in which tactical commanders face cognitively challenging responsibilities, compounded with the increased complexity of emerging cyber warfare. It is critical that tactical commanders gain adequate situation awareness for effective decision making to achieve mission success. While current tools enable distribution of large quantities and types of information, they do not adequately support the underlying cognitive work and information needs of tactical commanders. We performed a domain analysis using Cognitive Task Analysis methods, developing a prototypical operational scenario representative of current and envisioned environments, centered on a cyber-attack. Using this analysis, we identified cognitive and information requirements for information displays that support effective tactical decision making. Tactical commanders need to understand dynamic situations in the field, understand the viable courses of actions, know how their mission fits into the larger mission, and communicate with their company subordinates and higher echelons of command.

scholarly journals P128: The novel application of eye-tracking for the cognitive task analysis of expert physician decision-making while leading real-world traumatic resuscitations

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S121
Author(s):  
M. White ◽  
D. Howes ◽  
R. Egan ◽  
H. Braund ◽  
A. Szulewski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Physician Decision Making

Introduction: Resuscitation is a dynamic, complex and time-sensitive field which encompasses management of both critically-ill patients as well as large multidisciplinary teams. Expertise in this area has not been adequately defined, and to date, no research has directly examined the decision-making and cognitive processes involved. The evolving paradigm of competency-based medical education (CBME) makes better defining expertise in this field of critical importance to aid in the development of both educational and assessment methods. The technique of cognitive task analysis (CTA) has been used in a variety of fields to explicate the cognitive underpinnings of experts. Experts, however, often have limited insight and incomplete recall of their decision-making processes. We hypothesized that the use of eye-tracking, which provides the combination of first-person video as well as an overlying gaze indicator, could be used to enhance CTA to better understand the defining characteristics of experts in resuscitation. Methods: Over an 18-month period a sample of 11 traumatic resuscitations were obtained, each led by one of four pre-selected expert physicians outfitted with the Tobii Pro Eye-Tracking Glasses. After each resuscitation, the participant was debriefed using a cued-recall, think-aloud protocol while watching his or her corresponding eye-tracking video. A subsequent qualitative analysis of the resulting video and debrief transcript was performed using an ethnographic approach to establish emerging themes and behaviours of the expert physicians. Results: The expert participants demonstrated specific, common patterns in their cognitive processes. In particular, participants exhibited similar anticipatory and visual behaviours, dynamic communication strategies and the ability to distinguish between task-relevant and task-redundant information. All participants reported that this technique uncovered otherwise subconscious aspects of their cognition. Conclusion: The novel combination of eye-tracking technology to supplement the CTA of expert resuscitationists enriched our understanding of expertise in this field and yielded specific findings that can be applied to better develop and assess resuscitation skills.

scholarly journals Medication decision-making for patients with renal insufficiency in inpatient and outpatient care at a US Veterans Affairs Medical Centre: a qualitative, cognitive task analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e027439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nervana Elkhadragy ◽  
Amanda P Ifeachor ◽  
Julie B Diiulio ◽  
Karen J Arthur ◽  
Michael Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
Drug Problems

BackgroundMany studies identify factors that contribute to renal prescribing errors, but few examine how healthcare professionals (HCPs) detect and recover from an error or potential patient safety concern. Knowledge of this information could inform advanced error detection systems and decision support tools that help prevent prescribing errors.ObjectiveTo examine the cognitive strategies that HCPs used to recognise and manage medication-related problems for patients with renal insufficiency.DesignHCPs submitted documentation about medication-related incidents. We then conducted cognitive task analysis interviews. Qualitative data were analysed inductively.SettingInpatient and outpatient facilities at a major US Veterans Affairs Medical Centre.ParticipantsPhysicians, nurses and pharmacists who took action to prevent or resolve a renal-drug problem in patients with renal insufficiency.OutcomesEmergent themes from interviews, as related to recognition of renal-drug problems and decision-making processes.ResultsWe interviewed 20 HCPs. Results yielded a descriptive model of the decision-making process, comprised of three main stages: detect, gather information and act. These stages often followed a cyclical path due largely to the gradual decline of patients’ renal function. Most HCPs relied on being vigilant to detect patients’ renal-drug problems rather than relying on systems to detect unanticipated cues. At each stage, HCPs relied on different cognitive cues depending on medication type: for renally eliminated medications, HCPs focused on gathering renal dosing guidelines, while for nephrotoxic medications, HCPs investigated the need for particular medication therapy, and if warranted, safer alternatives.ConclusionsOur model is useful for trainees so they can gain familiarity with managing renal-drug problems. Based on findings, improvements are warranted for three aspects of healthcare systems: (1) supporting the cyclical nature of renal-drug problem management via longitudinal tracking mechanisms, (2) providing tools to alleviate HCPs’ heavy reliance on vigilance and (3) supporting HCPs’ different decision-making needs for renally eliminated versus nephrotoxic medications.

Estimating Cognitive Complexity and the Need for Cognitive Task Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. DeVries ◽  
Sallie E. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Specific Project

Because an increasing number of systems are being developed to support complex cognitive functioning, task analysis is commonly being augmented with cognitive task analysis, which identifies cognitive processes, knowledge, and mental models relevant to task performance. Cognitive task analysis tends to be lengthy and time-consuming, so designers frequently ask how they might know if it is actually necessary for a specific project. In this paper, we assume that much of the need for cognitive task analysis depends on the inherent “cognitive complexity” of the task. We present a model of cognitive complexity, and show how it was used to develop a computer-based tool for estimating relative cognitive complexity for a set of tasks. The tool, Cog-C, elicits task and subtask hierarchies, then guides the user in making relatively simple estimates on a number of scales. The tool calculates and displays the relative cognitive complexity scores for each task, along with subscores of cognitive complexity for different types of knowledge. Usability and reliability were evaluated in multiple domains, showing that the tool is relatively easy to use, reliable, and well-accepted.

An Analysis of Cognitive Demands in Ship-Based Helicopter-Landing Maneuvers

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dev Minotra ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Quantities Of Interest ◽  
Shipboard Landing

Rotorcraft pilots face a number of unique challenges in shipboard-landing maneuvers. Even very experienced rotorcraft pilots find such maneuvers to be challenging and delicate, as they require the pilot's undivided attention. To minimize risk, these maneuvers are conducted within well-defined boundaries associated with weather and visibility. To expand the envelope of safety, technological aids that augment decision-making capabilities and reduce pilot workload are being proposed. Our paper reports a cognitive task analysis, which involved interviews with five rotorcraft pilots experienced in shipboard-landing maneuvers. Our results reveal cognitive elements in which expertise plays a critical role. We have articulated our understanding on why pilots are faced with difficulties during these critical points, which led us toward design recommendations and system requirements for technological aids and their displays. We have also identified a number of system limitations and quantities of interest, which may be useful in safety evaluations.

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