Novel IRF6 Mutations in Chinese Patients with Van der Woude Syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) (OMIM 119300) is a dominantly inherited, developmental disorder that is characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene ( IRF6) have been recently identified in patients with VWS, with more than 60 mutations reported. However, the VWS phenotype, IRF6 mutation genotypes, and their interrelationships in Chinese VWS patients have not been studied. Here, we report 11 Chinese families with variable clinical phenotypes of VWS and identified mutations in all patients. Of the 11 mutations, 8 appeared to be novel: CC5.6GT, T342A, 566delA, C748T, C756A, C989A, C1209G, and 1316delT. Seven mutations caused a change or loss of the IRF6 domain. The marked phenotypic variation may be caused by the action of certain modifier genes on IRF6 function. Abbreviations: VWS, Van der Woude syndrome; IRF6, interferon regulatory factor 6; CL/P, cleft lip and/or cleft palate; DBD, DNA-binding domain; SMIR, Smad-interferon regulatory factor-binding domain; Kb, kilobase; PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.