Reducing AIDS and Substance Abuse Risk Factors Among Homeless, HIV-Infected, Drug-Using Persons

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Lewis ◽  
David P. Boyle ◽  
Linda S. Lewis ◽  
Maestro Evans
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Day Treatment Program ◽  
Abuse Risk

Objective: The impact of a comprehensive HIV education, housing support, and 12-step recovery program in a day treatment program for homeless persons infected with HIV was studied. Method: Participants' knowledge of HIV and substance abuse risk factors was assessed for a group of new clients and for a group of clients enrolled for 3 months using an author-developed questionnaire. Continuation of high-risk sexual and substance use behaviors was assessed using the approach. Success in maintaining housing and 12-step recovery was assessed using a retrospective chart review on a separate group of past participants. Results: Statistically significant positive changes in participants' knowledge of HIV and substance use and a decrease in self-reported high-risk behaviors were found. The retrospective chart review also indicated positive changes in housing stability and substance abuse recovery. Conclusions: Preliminary results support the conclusion that the day treatment program had positive effects on the three variables of concern.

scholarly journals A retrospective chart review of the clinical and psychosocial profile of psychotic adolescents with co-morbid substance use disorders presenting to acute adolescent psychiatric services at Tygerberg Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Lachman ◽  
Rene Nassen ◽  
Sue Hawkridge ◽  
Robin A Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
First Episode

<p><strong>Background.</strong> A large number of adolescents meet criteria for ‘dual diagnosis’ (a psychiatric disorder plus co-morbid substance use disorder (SUD), which prolongs treatment response and complicates intervention strategies. The current service model in Cape Town divides the care of such patients into psychiatric treatment and a separate substance use intervention. Child and adolescent mental health services face the challenge of high rates of readmission of adolescents into psychiatric facilities before utilisation of community-based substance abuse services.</p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> There is a scarcity of available treatment guidelines for dual-diagnosis adolescents, and a lack of systematically documented epidemiological and clinical data in South African adolescent populations.</p><p><strong>Method.</strong> A retrospective chart review of adolescent psychiatric admissions to the Tygerberg Adolescent Psychiatric Unit during 2010 was conducted. Relevant epidemiological, clinical and demographic data for those presenting with a dual diagnosis (specifically psychotic disorders and SUD) was recorded.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Results suggest a high prevalence of SUD among adolescents presenting with a first-episode psychosis. Statistically significant correlations with lower levels of education were found in those with ongoing substance abuse (specifically cannabis and methamphetamine), and a significant relationship between choice of debut drug and ongoing drug use was also demonstrated. Risk factors for SUD (psychosocial adversities, childhood trauma, family and community exposure to substances, early debut drug ages), risky sexual behaviours, and clinical psychiatric profiles of adolescents with dual diagnosis are described.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> This cohort had an enhanced risk as a result of genetic vulnerability and environmental availability of substances, and the findings emphasise the differences in presentation, choice of drugs of abuse and psychosocial difficulties of adolescents with a dual diagnosis presenting to a psychiatric facility. We aim to influence role-players to provide more integrated services, and highlight the need for future prospective studies in this adolescent group to assist in improving outcomes.</p>

Effectiveness and Predictors of Outcomes in a Psychiatric Day Treatment Program for Elementary-Age: Children Efficacité et prédicteurs des résultats d’un programme de traitement de jour psychiatrique pour des enfants d’âge primaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110006
Author(s):  
Sahar Balvardi ◽  
Noriyeh Rahbari ◽  
Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau ◽  
Lauren Rudy ◽  
Mitchell Arnovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Day Treatment Program

Objective: In this study, we aimed to (1) assess the effectiveness of an intensive multimodal day treatment program in improving externalizing problems and function in elementary-age children and (2) examine 3 predictors of the treatment outcome (i.e., family functioning, baseline severity, and comorbid disorders). Methods: The sample included 261 children (80.9% boys) between ages of 5 and 12. A retrospective chart review, from 2013 to 2018, and a prospective chart review, from 2018 to 2019, were conducted to extract all relevant data for the present study. Parents and teachers provided reports on children’s externalizing problems (i.e., aggressive behavior, attention problems, and rule-breaking behavior) and their level of function across different domains. The level of family functioning was also reported by parents, while clinicians assessed children’s severity of disturbance and their diagnoses at intake. Results: Based on both parents’ and teachers’ reports, children showed significant improvement in their externalizing problems. Moreover, children showed functional improvement at home, at school, with peers, and in hobbies by the end of the program. Based on teacher’s reports, children with lower level of severity showed less improvement in their attention problems, and those with comorbid developmental problems showed less improvement in their aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors. Family functioning did not predict any treatment outcome. Conclusion: An intensive multimodal day treatment program was effective in reducing the symptoms of externalizing problems in elementary-age children. However, children with less severe difficulties and comorbid developmental problems showed less improvement in their externalizing problems.

Certain difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of a day treatment program for psychiatric outpatients

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. House ◽  
Marc B. Lipton ◽  
Charles A. Weiss ◽  
Nelson C. Ribble ◽  
Raymond C. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Day Treatment Program

Development of Intake Criteria in a Day Treatment Program for Delinquent Boys

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1028-1030
Author(s):  
David E. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Day Treatment Program ◽  
Delinquent Boys

To improve on the intake criteria in a day-treatment program for delinquent boys, data were collected from boys attending the program to differentiate those who seemed to be appropriately placed from those who were not. The data significantly differentiated these groups on the basis of length and degree of social maladjustment. The need for matching the type of delinquent and the treatment program was discussed.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Isolates from Urine

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jain ◽  
R. Kohli ◽  
E. Cook ◽  
P. Gialanella ◽  
T. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Rpmi Medium

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation (BF) in the setting of candiduria has not been well studied. We determined BF and MIC to antifungals in Candida spp. isolates grown from urine samples of patients and performed a retrospective chart review to examine the correlation with risk factors. A total of 67 Candida spp. isolates were grown from urine samples from 55 patients. The species distribution was C. albicans (54%), C. glabrata (36%), and C. tropicalis (10%). BF varied greatly among individual Candida isolates but was stable in sequential isolates during chronic infection. BF also depended on the growth medium and especially in C. albicans was significantly enhanced in artificial urine (AU) compared to RPMI medium. In nine of the C. albicans strains BF was 4- to 10-fold higher in AU, whereas in three of the C. albicans strains and two of the C. glabrata strains higher BF was measured in RPMI medium than in AU. Determination of the MICs showed that planktonic cells of all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CASPO) and that three of the C. glabrata strains and two of the C. albicans strains were resistant to fluconazole (FLU). In contrast, all biofilm-associated adherent cells were resistant to CASPO and FLU. The biofilms of 14 strains (28%) were sensitive to AMB (MIC50 of <1 μg/ml). Correlation between degree of BF and MIC of AMB was not seen in RPMI grown biofilms but was present when grown in AU. A retrospective chart review demonstrated no correlation of known risk factors of candiduria with BF in AU or RPMI. We conclude that BF is a stable characteristic of Candida strains that varies greatly among clinical strains and is dependent on the growth medium. Resistance to AMB is associated with higher BF in AU, which may represent the more physiologic medium to test BF. Future studies should address whether in vitro BF can predict treatment failure in vivo.

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