Predictive Factors of Neurovascular and Tendon Injuries Following Dog Bites to the Upper Extremity

Background: Dog bite injuries to the upper extremity can result in traumatic neurovascular and musculotendinous damage. Currently, there are no clear guidelines dictating which patients may benefit from early operative exploration. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical variables that were predictive of abnormal intraoperative findings in patients who sustained an upper extremity dog bite injury. Methods: All patients who presented to a level I trauma center between 2007 and 2015 with an upper extremity dog bite injury who underwent subsequent surgical exploration were retrospectively screened for inclusion in our study. Patients with inadequate documentation or preexisting neurovascular or motor deficits were excluded. Abnormalities on physical exam and injuries encountered during surgical exploration were recorded for each patient. Contingency tables were constructed comparing normal and abnormal nerve, tendon, and vascular physical exam findings with intact or disrupted neurovascular and musculotendinous structures identified during surgical exploration. Results: Between 2007 and 2014, 117 patients sustained a dog bite injury to the upper extremity, of which 39 underwent subsequent surgical exploration and were included in our analysis. Sixty-nine percent of patients with neuropraxia on exam had intraoperative nerve damage. Seventy-seven percent of patients with an abnormal tendon exam had intraoperative musculotendinous damage. One hundred percent of patients with an abnormal vascular physical exam had intraoperative arterial injury. Conclusions: To date, there are no clear guidelines on what clinical criteria indicate the need for operative exploration and possible repair of neurovascular structures in upper extremity dog bite injuries. In our study, nerve, tendon, and vascular abnormalities noted on physical exam were strongly predictive of discovering neurovascular and musculotendinous damage during surgical exploration.

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An Analysis of the Challenges and Possible Solutions for Dog Bite Injury Surveillance

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v7i1.5760 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicia Trembath

Keyword(s):

Disease Surveillance ◽

Injury Surveillance ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Bite Injury ◽

Standardized Reporting ◽

Consistent Information ◽

Bite Injuries

The challenges facing surveillance for dog bite injuries include the lack of a standardized reporting form, consistent information being collected, and utilization of the information that is collected. Potential solutions include a standardized reporting form, greater emphasis on reporting, and a repository for information. These solutions can be accomplished in part by including dog bite injuries in current or developing disease surveillance systems.

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Venous Air Embolism Following a Dog Bite Injury in a Pediatric Patient

10.31487/nl.ajcr.2020.01.01 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Irim Salik ◽

Michael Rahimi ◽

Irim Salik

Keyword(s):

Young Male ◽

Neck Region ◽

Air Embolism ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

Sitting Position ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

Venous Air Embolism ◽

Bite Injuries

Young male children are more likely than adults to sustain dog bite injuries, and up to 80% of these occur in the head and neck region [1]. Timely assessment of these injuries and appropriate decisions for surgical exploration can prevent further insult. One of the most feared complications of neurosurgical procedures in the sitting position, we present the case of a venous air embolism (VAE) in the prone position during repair of a cranial vault injury from a dog bite in a 14- month-old. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's family to publish this letter to the editor.

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Facial Dog Bite Injury

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Srivalli Natarajan ◽

Jyotsna S Galinde ◽

Usha Asnani ◽

Sunil Sidana ◽

Radhika Ramaswami

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bite Force ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Successful Management ◽

Bite Injury ◽

Key Points ◽

The Face ◽

Bite Wounds ◽

Bite Injuries

ABSTRACT The exposed position compounded by the short stature of children makes the face very vulnerable to dog bite injuries. Unlike wounds inflicted by assaults and accidents, animal bite wounds are distinctive as they are puncture type deep wounds which are injected by the bite force, with an inoculum of pathogenic bacteria from the saliva of the attacking dog. Hence, these wounds are at high-risk of infection which is further aggravated by the presence of crushed devitalized tissue, an outcome of the bite force. The key points in successful management of facial dog bites, are thorough cleansing of the wound, meticulous but not overzealous debridement, primary closure, appropriate antibiotic therapy and tetanus and rabies immunization where indicated. A case of a 8-year-old child who had succumbed to multiple facial bite injuries is presented. She was managed by a primary one stage closure with good esthetic and functional outcome. How to cite this article Natarajan S, Galinde JS, Asnani U, Sidana S, Ramaswami R. Facial Dog Bite Injury. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):34-38

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Evaluating Shoulder Impairment

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1998.sepoct01 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Richard T. Katz ◽

Sankar Perraraju

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Nerve Lesion ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Specific Patient ◽

Industrial Medicine ◽

Shoulder Motion ◽

Upper Extremity Impairment

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, offers several categories to describe impairment in the shoulder, including shoulder amputation, abnormal shoulder motion, peripheral nerve disorders, subluxation/dislocation, and joint arthroplasty. This article clarifies appropriate methods for rating shoulder impairment in a specific patient, particularly with reference to the AMA Guides, Section 3.1j, Shoulder, Section 3.1k, Impairment of the Upper Extremity Due to Peripheral Nerve Disorders, and Section 3.1m, Impairment Due to Other Disorders of the Upper Extremity. A table shows shoulder motions and associated degrees of motion and can be used in assessing abnormal range of motion. Assessments of shoulder impairment due to peripheral nerve lesion also requires assessment of sensory loss (or presence of nerve pain) or motor deficits, and these may be categorized to the level of the spinal nerves (C5 to T1). Table 23 is useful regarding impairment from persistent joint subluxation or dislocation, and Table 27 can be helpful in assessing impairment of the upper extremity after arthroplasty of specific bones of joints. Although inter-rater reliability has been reasonably good, the validity of the upper extremity impairment rating has been questioned, and further research in industrial medicine and physical disability is required.

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Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9ispl1.1388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasan Alwan Baiee ◽

Weli Hatif

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

General Hospital ◽

Health Problem ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Care Providers ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Bite Injuries

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.

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