scholarly journals Regional, sex, and age differences in diagnostic testing among participants in the NAVIGATE-ESUS trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 174749301988452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Arauz ◽  
Fabiola Serrano ◽  
Lesly A Pearce ◽  
Scott E Kasner ◽  
Sebastian F Ameriso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mr Angiogram ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Background and aim The diagnosis of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is based on excluding other more likely stroke etiologies, and therefore diagnostic testing plays an especially crucial role. Our objective was to compare the diagnostic testing by region, sex, and age among the participants of NAVIGATE-ESUS trial. Methods Participants were grouped according to five global regions (North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and East Asia), age (<60, 60–74, and >75 years), and sex. Frequencies of each diagnostic test within areas of echocardiography, cardiac rhythm monitoring, and arterial imaging were described and compared across groups. A multivariable logistic regression model for each diagnostic test was fit to assess the independent influence of each of region, age, and sex and likelihood of testing. Results We included 6985 patients in the analysis (918 from North America; 746 from Latin America; 2853 from Western Europe; 1118 from Eastern Europe; 1350 from East Asia). Average age (highest in Western Europe (69 years), lowest in Eastern Europe (65 years)), % females (highest in Latin America (44%) and lowest in East Asia (31%)), and use of each diagnostic test varied significantly across regions. Region, but not sex, was independently associated with use of each diagnostic test examined. Transesophageal echocardiography and either CT or MR angiogram were more often used in younger patients. Conclusion Diagnostic testing differed by region, and less frequently by age, but not by sex. Our findings reflect the existing variations in global practice in diagnostic testing in ESUS patients.

scholarly journals Does pension privatization increase economic growth? Evidence from Latin America and Eastern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLA ALTIPARMAKOV ◽  
MILAN NEDELJKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Pension Funding ◽  
Positive Growth

AbstractAnalyses of pension funding effects on economic growth should differentiate between ‘carve-out’ pension privatization in Latin America and Eastern Europe and typical ‘add-on’ pension funding in Western Europe and North America. We find no evidence that pension privatization in Latin America and Eastern Europe was associated with higher economic growth. The result is robust across both continents and several alternative econometric specifications. Positive growth effects are particularly unlikely in countries resorting to debt-financed privatization. Furthermore, we note the lack of positive pension privatization effects on savings in Eastern Europe, with limited evidence of positive savings effects in Latin America. These findings suggest that cost-containment parametric reforms should be given priority over carve-out pension privatization when considering options for restoring financial sustainability of public Pay-As-You-Go systems.

scholarly journals Alden, Patricia, David Lloyd, and Ahmed Samatar (eds.): African Studies and the Undergraduate Curriculum. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 1994. 336 pp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Richard E. Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
African Studies

While there is substantial study abroad literature focused on issues relevant to Western Europe, and more and more on Latin America, Eastern Europe, Australia and East Asia, there is little available for the advisor or administrator investigating study abroad in Africa.1 This book review, therefore, represents a modest effort to fill that gap, with reference to a useful edited collection on African Studies and the Undergraduate Curriculum.

The Puzzle of Populism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems

This chapter sets out the puzzle at the center of the book: what explains the success of populist campaigners in India, Asia, and beyond? It summarizes the existing literature on populist success both in Latin America and Western Europe and argues that these explanations do a poor job of explaining Indian and Asian cases in particular. Populists win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. However, because different kinds of party systems experience distinct stresses and strains, we need different models of populist success based on the prevailing party­–voter linkage system in place in any given country. The chapter then sets out the rationale for concentrating on explaining populist success in patronage-based party systems, which are common not only to Asia, but also to Latin America and Eastern Europe.

Abstract 086: Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: International Insights From the TECOS Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha J Pagidipati ◽  
Ann Marie Navar ◽  
Karen S Pieper ◽  
Jennifer B Green ◽  
M. A Bethel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Intensive risk factor modification significantly improves outcomes for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the degree to which secondary prevention treatment targets are achieved in international clinical practice is unknown. Methods: Attainment of 5 secondary prevention targets—aspirin use, lipid control (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <70 mg/dL or statin therapy), blood pressure control (<140 mmHg systolic, <90 mmHg diastolic), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, and non-smoking status—was evaluated among 14,671 patients from 38 countries with diabetes and known CVD at entry into TECOS. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between individual and regional factors and target achievement. Results: Overall, 29.9% of patients with diabetes and CVD had all 5 secondary prevention measures at target. North America had the highest proportion (41.2%), whereas Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Latin America had proportions of approximately 25%. The likelihood of having individual prevention components at target also varied by region: compared with North America, individuals in all other regions were less likely to have blood pressure at goal, and individuals in Eastern Europe and Latin America were less likely to have LDL-C at target or to be on statin therapy (see Figure). Overall, blood pressure control (57.9%) had the lowest overall attainment while non-smoking status had the highest (89%). Conclusions: On a global scale, significant opportunities exist to improve the quality of cardiovascular secondary prevention care among patients with diabetes and CVD, which in turn could lead to reduced risk of downstream cardiovascular events.

Administrative Traditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Administrative Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
And Function

Contemporary public administration reflects its historical roots as well as contemporary ideas about how the public bureaucracy should be organized and function. This book argues that there are administrative traditions that have their roots centuries ago but continue to influence administrative behavior. Further, within Western Europe, North America, and the Antipodes there are four administrative traditions: Anglo-American, Napoleonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian. These are not the only traditions however, and the book also explores administrative traditions in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Islamic world. In addition there is a discussion of how administrative traditions of the colonial powers influenced contemporary administration in Africa. These discussions of tradition and persistence also are discussed in light of the numerous attempts to reform and change public administration.

scholarly journals Major challenges in clinical management of TB/HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe and Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 19505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Efsen ◽  
Anna Schultze ◽  
Frank Post ◽  
Alexander Panteleev ◽  
Hansjakob Furrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals Measuring the mass-elite preference congruence: findings from a meta-analysis and introduction to the symposium

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaemin Shim ◽  
Sergiu Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Compare And Contrast

AbstractThe extensive scholarship devoted to the congruence of mass-elite policy preferences lacks consensus about the meaning, comparison, and measurement across political settings. This makes comparisons difficult and raises obstacles to advancing the debates. This symposium aims to identify the diversity of methodological choices and to reflect systematically on several key choices of particular importance in understanding the congruence. The contributions to the symposium compare and contrast how several types of measurement fare in diverse political contexts in Eastern Europe, Latin America, North Africa, and East Asia, and what we can learn from those methodological choices.

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