Individual variation in growth and physiology of symbionts in response to temperature

In many cases, understanding species level responses to climate change requires understanding variation among individuals in response to such change. For species with strong symbiotic relationships, such as many coral reef species, genetic variation in symbiont responses to temperature may affect the response to increased ocean temperatures. To assess variation among symbiont genotypes, we examined the population dynamics and physiological responses of genotypes of Breviolum antillogorgium in response to increased temperature. We found broad temperature tolerance across genotypes, with all genotypes showing positive growth at 26, 30, and 32 C. Genotypes differed in the magnitude of the response of growth rate and carrying capacity to increasing temperature, suggesting that natural selection could favor different genotypes at different temperatures. However, the historical temperature at which genotypes were reared was not a good predictor of temperature response, suggesting a lack of adaptation to temperature over hundreds of generations. We found increased photosynthetic rates and decreased respiration rates with increasing temperature, and differences in physiology among genotypes, but found no significant differences in the response of different genotypes to temperature. In species with such broad thermal tolerance, selection experiments on symbionts outside of the host may not yield results sufficient for evolutionary rescue from climate change.

Reincarnation of MSMEs after the Government's Policy on Economic Recovery Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are experiencing a slump due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is feared that it will be challenging to get back up. At this time, the Indonesian government has issued policies through several ministries, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health, to stabilize the national economy. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the pillars of the national economy, so that this sector needs attention during this pandemic to reincarnate in a better direction. This study aims to find a correlation between government policies and the revival/reincarnation of MSMEs. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed through the MSME group on Facebook. To find Carried out the relationship between the two variables, the Spearman correlation test. The results found that the level of strength of the relationship or correlation was 0.619, indicating that there was a strong correlation between government policies on the Reincarnation of MSMEs and had a unidirectional relationship that showed a positive value so that the better the government's alignment with government policies will further improve the state of the Reincarnation of MSMEs towards positive growth.

Global Value Chain: Islamic Economics and Finance Position

The growing number of Muslim populations promotes significant development on Islamic economic and finance activities called halal industry. While the halal industry is experiencing positive growth in the last four years, the Global Value Chain (GVC) – the chain of system that drives international trades and global economic activities – remains stagnant. The present study aims to explain the position of the Islamic economics and finance in the GVC. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive method with systematic literature review approach. By collecting secondary data using strict-processing stages and content analysis techniques, the author manages to meet the study’s purpose. The findings suggest that the Islamic economics and finance have opportunities to boost countries' participation in the GVC activities by harmonizing halal standardization, enhancing financial infrastructures, and providing various financial products. This study contributes to generate government policies and enterprises' decisions in developing the Islamic economics and finance within the GVC framework. It further provides initial insights and potential topics for future studies.

Impact and Assessment of Engineered Metallic Nano-oxide on the Growth and Development of Gossypium hirsutum L.

Background: Metallic nano-oxide has been influenced the environment in the past two decades. Their consequences are dreadfully uncertain. The increased graph of their interference suggested many extensive studies in various fields of the environment. The Gossypium hirsutum one of the prime harvest plants in India has been chosen for studying the impacts of metallic nano-oxide on their morphological characters as well as their fresh shoot and root weights. Methods: Study has been done in July 2020 as a randomized triplet. The need for the study was fulfilled by the four different metallic nano-oxides with their five specific concentrations. The metallic nano-oxides were titanium oxide, silver oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide. The five concentrations 00 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm were taken from each one of metallic nano-oxide. Result: The zinc oxides treatment gave noteworthy positive growth and development in Gossypium hirsutum from germination to the blossoming time. Conversely, the concentrations of silver oxides were found little toxic for the growth of species. The copper and titanium oxides indicated little diversity in their growth patterns. The germination studies calculated best with titanium oxide treatment. The 80ppm concentration of copper oxide also reported better results at germination in comparison to control.

Recycling Cigarette Butts in Ceramic Tiles

Cigarettes are one of the favoured commodities on our planet. However, the annual consumption of 5.7 trillion cigarettes and 75% littering rate results in cigarette butts (CBs) being one of the most critical environmental issues. The leachate of heavy metals and toxic chemicals is polluting our ecosystem and threatening the wildlife species. Therefore, it is crucial to find effective and efficient recycling methods to solve the growing CB waste issue. In this study, unglazed fired ceramic tiles were manufactured with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% shredded CBs by dry mass to investigate the feasibility of the proposed sustainable recycling method. The chemical and mineralogical characterisation, density, shrinkage, bulk density, breaking strength, water absorption, and modulus of rupture were investigated and compared with the Australian Standards for ceramic tiles (AS 4459). The results revealed that tiles incorporating 0.5% CBs by mass demonstrated the greatest performance compared to the other mixtures. The water absorption for all tile–CB mixtures was found to be greater than 10%, with a positive growth tendency. The addition of 0.5% CBs by mass slightly improved flexural strength from 15.56 MPa for control samples to 16.63 MPa. Tiles containing 0.5% CBs by mass satisfied the modulus of rupture and water absorption limits for group III class according to the Australian Standards (AS 13006), and they may be suitable to be used as wall tiles. The result of a simulation equation predicts that an energy savings of up to 7.79% is achievable during the firing process for ceramic tiles incorporating 1% CBs by mass.

Effect of transplanting dates on yield attributing characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) variety

The research was conducted on the field of Chagunarayan municipality (Tathali) from 23rd March to 17th June 2020 to observe the effect date of transplanting on attributing character of tomato Genotype. 23rd March, 6th April, 21st April, and 6th May are the four sowing dates laid out in the RCBD design with three replications. And the data were observed in 10 days intervals for each planting time. The attributing character like plant height, leaf number, no of branches shows positive impact for early shown plant species, and development for later sowing date shows decreasing result. Therefore, the species planted before the planting time is beneficial from an economic point of view where the plant shows a positive growth rate on attributing character, and it can be considered for further research programs as well.

Mycology of Otomycosis in Port Harcourt

Tropical climate favors the growth of fungal infection in the ear resulting in otomycosis. This study is aimed at determining the predisposing factors, symptoms, prevalence and demographic data of patients diagnosed with otomycosis. This is a 1 year prospective hospital based study, between June 2017 to June 2018 at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State, Nigeria. Clinical features, predisposing factors and examination findings were noted on the administered questionnaire. Patients were examined and specimen collected for microscopy, culture, sensitivity and mycological studies. Our results show isolated fungi were present in 34 out of 120 ear swabs of patients and in 5 out of 120 ear swabs from the control group. The prevalence of otomycosis was 2.7%, while the ear symptom with the highest frequency was itching (86.7%) and debris in ear canal (67.6%). Patients with positive growth constitute 53% females and 47% males. Age groups 10-29 and 40-49 years had the highest and lowest number of infected patients, respectively. Candida was the commonest organism isolated accounting for 61.8% followed by Aspergillus spp. (23.5%) and Penicillium (8.8%).

Students’ Performance and Perceptions Towards Authentic Learning Environment Based on Visual Thinking Continuum

This paper explores the changes in student’s level of achievement and per-ception towards authentic learning environment based on visual thinking elements. The three elements in visual thinking continuum are visual thinking, visual learning and visual communication. This research is a quan-titative design involving quantitative and qualitative data. Research instru-ments included pre and post achievement tests, and a questionnaire on stu-dent’s perception towards visualization level. There are 29 samples students, from teacher training first degree program in one of Malaysian public univer-sities. The research data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statisti-cal analysis. Research findings through paired-sample t-test showed that there is a significant difference between scores of mean for the pre-test and post-test (p< 0.05) and shows positive student’s perception towards authen-tic learning environment. All students have experienced positive growth in their level of visualization through authentic learning environment activities which based on visual thinking elements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the visual-based website has helped to enhance the students’ performance and visualization levels.

When is a positive test for pediatric growth hormone deficiency a true positive test?

Given the low prevalence rate of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and the high false positive rates for growth hormone stimulation tests, the probability of GHD in a child with short stature and positive growth hormone stimulation tests is 0.028 (about 1 in 36). Without further information, most positive growth hormone stimulation tests will be false positives. Further study may yield the necessary improvements in the diagnostic accuracy for GHD in children.

Critical Factors for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Retail Business of Bangladesh

Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of them are underprivileged, under nourished, illiterate and poor. Hence, the development of women entrepreneurship has tremendous potentials for transforming the society through socioeconomic empowerment of the women. This potential is remained untapped in Bangladesh because of lower number of women entrepreneurs in business and economic activities. According to the Bangladesh Economic Review 2009, around six percent of the country’s $90 billion economy comes from SMEs, which is also the largest sector in terms of employment generation. But the women entrepreneurs are less than ten percent of the total entrepreneurs of the country. However, in the recent years, women entrepreneurship in small retail businesses of the country has been increasing which is a good sign for the positive growth of the economy.