The Puzzle of Populism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems

This chapter sets out the puzzle at the center of the book: what explains the success of populist campaigners in India, Asia, and beyond? It summarizes the existing literature on populist success both in Latin America and Western Europe and argues that these explanations do a poor job of explaining Indian and Asian cases in particular. Populists win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. However, because different kinds of party systems experience distinct stresses and strains, we need different models of populist success based on the prevailing party­–voter linkage system in place in any given country. The chapter then sets out the rationale for concentrating on explaining populist success in patronage-based party systems, which are common not only to Asia, but also to Latin America and Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Major challenges in clinical management of TB/HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe and Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 19505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Efsen ◽  
Anna Schultze ◽  
Frank Post ◽  
Alexander Panteleev ◽  
Hansjakob Furrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Western Europe

Coalition Governance in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Bäck Hanna ◽  
Hellström Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Western European

This chapter describes the ambitions of the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government’s ‘life’, beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.

scholarly journals Regional, sex, and age differences in diagnostic testing among participants in the NAVIGATE-ESUS trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 174749301988452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Arauz ◽  
Fabiola Serrano ◽  
Lesly A Pearce ◽  
Scott E Kasner ◽  
Sebastian F Ameriso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mr Angiogram ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Background and aim The diagnosis of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is based on excluding other more likely stroke etiologies, and therefore diagnostic testing plays an especially crucial role. Our objective was to compare the diagnostic testing by region, sex, and age among the participants of NAVIGATE-ESUS trial. Methods Participants were grouped according to five global regions (North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and East Asia), age (<60, 60–74, and >75 years), and sex. Frequencies of each diagnostic test within areas of echocardiography, cardiac rhythm monitoring, and arterial imaging were described and compared across groups. A multivariable logistic regression model for each diagnostic test was fit to assess the independent influence of each of region, age, and sex and likelihood of testing. Results We included 6985 patients in the analysis (918 from North America; 746 from Latin America; 2853 from Western Europe; 1118 from Eastern Europe; 1350 from East Asia). Average age (highest in Western Europe (69 years), lowest in Eastern Europe (65 years)), % females (highest in Latin America (44%) and lowest in East Asia (31%)), and use of each diagnostic test varied significantly across regions. Region, but not sex, was independently associated with use of each diagnostic test examined. Transesophageal echocardiography and either CT or MR angiogram were more often used in younger patients. Conclusion Diagnostic testing differed by region, and less frequently by age, but not by sex. Our findings reflect the existing variations in global practice in diagnostic testing in ESUS patients.

scholarly journals Does pension privatization increase economic growth? Evidence from Latin America and Eastern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLA ALTIPARMAKOV ◽  
MILAN NEDELJKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Pension Funding ◽  
Positive Growth

AbstractAnalyses of pension funding effects on economic growth should differentiate between ‘carve-out’ pension privatization in Latin America and Eastern Europe and typical ‘add-on’ pension funding in Western Europe and North America. We find no evidence that pension privatization in Latin America and Eastern Europe was associated with higher economic growth. The result is robust across both continents and several alternative econometric specifications. Positive growth effects are particularly unlikely in countries resorting to debt-financed privatization. Furthermore, we note the lack of positive pension privatization effects on savings in Eastern Europe, with limited evidence of positive savings effects in Latin America. These findings suggest that cost-containment parametric reforms should be given priority over carve-out pension privatization when considering options for restoring financial sustainability of public Pay-As-You-Go systems.

scholarly journals Major Challenges in Clinical Management of TB/HIV Coinfected Patients in Eastern Europe Compared with Western Europe and Latin America

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie W. Efsen ◽  
Anna Schultze ◽  
Frank A. Post ◽  
Alexander Panteleev ◽  
Hansjakob Furrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals Alden, Patricia, David Lloyd, and Ahmed Samatar (eds.): African Studies and the Undergraduate Curriculum. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 1994. 336 pp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Richard E. Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
African Studies

While there is substantial study abroad literature focused on issues relevant to Western Europe, and more and more on Latin America, Eastern Europe, Australia and East Asia, there is little available for the advisor or administrator investigating study abroad in Africa.1 This book review, therefore, represents a modest effort to fill that gap, with reference to a useful edited collection on African Studies and the Undergraduate Curriculum.

Other Administrative Traditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-177
Author(s):  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Central Question ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Western European

The four traditions constituting the bulk of this book are from Western Europe. This chapter expands the analysis to look at four other administrative traditions. One is Central and Eastern Europe. Some countries in this region have been heavily influenced by Western European traditions, especially those of the former Hapsburg Empire, but they also display a number of distinctive features. A second tradition is Islamic administration, which has been influenced both by religion and by national cultures. Third, there is Asian public administration, and the question of the importance of the Confucian model is a central question when dealing with this tradition. Finally, there is administration in Latin America, still influenced by its Iberian past but which has been influenced also by the Napoleonic tradition and to a lesser extent by the United States. The same elements of administrative traditions used in reference to Western European countries are applied to these four traditions.

Voter Behavior in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Singer ◽  
Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Party System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Established Democracies

Voter choices in Latin America have structural roots that are similar to what is observed in other regions, but these structures are weaker and more fluid than in more established democracies. In particular, while cleavages emerge in the average Latin American country and voters’ choices vary across demographic traits, issues, ideologies, and partisanship, these cleavages are weaker than in Western Europe and the United States. These cleavages are particularly weak in countries where parties do not take ideologically distinct positions from each other and instead emphasize clientelism, which suggests that the overall weakness of these cleavages in the hemisphere reflects the weak commitment of political parties to programmatic competition. Elections in Latin America are strongly shaped by government performance, especially economic trends, but these forms of accountability are weakened in countries where the party system makes it hard to identify the degree to which any specific party is able to dominate the policy process or where identifying a credible alternative to the incumbent is difficult. Thus, while voters are trying to use elections to hold politicians accountable and to ensure that their policy preferences are represented, the weaknesses of Latin America’s party systems often make this difficult.

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