Volatile Composition of Six Horsetails: Prospects and Perspectives

Six horsetails were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Seventy-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including isoprenoid derivatives were detected from these putative natural resources. E. palustre var. americana contained mainly lipidic derivatives, i.e., 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor), ( E)-2-hexenoic acid (fruity odor) and ( E)-2-hexenal (green odor). Many isoprenoid flavour precursors, i.e., 3-oxo-α-ionol (spicy odor) and ( E, E)-pseudoionone (balsamic odor), as well as odorous benzenic derivatives, i.e, phenylethanal (hyacinth, lilac note) and 2-phenylethanol (rose odor) contributed to the odor of E. arvense. The volatile pattern of E. telmateia is dominated by high amounts of isoprenoids and benzenic derivatives. The complex volatile profiles of E. hyemale and E. ramosissimum are based on ferulic acid isomers, along with either ( E)-2-heptenal (green vegetable-like odor) or 4-vinylguaiacol (spicy clove smoky odor) for E. hyemale and E ramosissimum, respectively. The broad spectrum of E. scirpioides shows the lowest VOC content with high amount of isoprenoids (46.9%), mainly ionone derivatives. Equisetum resources are of great interest as bioactive litter and new potential functional feed ingredients.

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Volatiles of French Ferns and “fougère” Scent in Perfumery

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601138 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Didier Froissard ◽

Françoise Fons ◽

Jean-Marie Bessière ◽

Bruno Buatois ◽

Sylvie Rapior

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Pteridium Aquilinum ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Organic Solvent Extraction ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Green Odor ◽

Gymnocarpium Dryopteris

Six French ferns were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Seventy-seven VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways, including isoprenoid derivatives, were identified from these putative natural resources. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes contained mainly polyketides with an oily or waxy odor. ( E)-2-Hexenal and ( Z)-3-hexenol, responsible for the “green odor”, were found in high contents in Polystichum setiferum, Dryopteris dilatata and Phegopteris connectilis. In the last, 7.4% of coumarin with a cut hay scent was highlighted from the volatile fraction. ( E)-3-Hexenoic acid and ( E)-2-hexenoic acid, both with herbal and fruity notes, were identified in Gymnocarpium dryopteris and Pteridium aquilinum. 1-Octen-3-ol, well-known for its mushroom-like odor, was abundant in all analyzed French ferns. While the “fougère” fragrance is claimed by the perfumers to be a fantasy scent, coumarin, ( E)-2-hexenal, ( Z)-3-hexenol and 1-octen-3-ol are the main odorous components of the perfumes belonging to the fougère accord family. This suggests that the fougère scent from the perfumers’ imagination is a natural fragrance.

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Biodiversity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Five French Ferns

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000501028 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Françoise Fons ◽

Didier Froissard ◽

Jean-Marie Bessière ◽

Bruno Buatois ◽

Sylvie Rapior

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Volatile Compound ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Blechnum Spicant ◽

Organic Solvent Extraction ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Adiantum Capillus Veneris ◽

Volatile Profiles

Five French ferns belonging to different families were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Fifty-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and carotenoid-type compounds were identified. The main volatile compound of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. (Pteridaceae) was ( E)-2-decenal with a plastic or “stink bug” odor. The volatile profiles of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (Woodsiaceae) and Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth (Blechnaceae) showed similarities, with small amounts of isoprenoids and the same main volatile compounds, i.e., 2-phenylethanal (odor of lilac and hyacinth) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor). The main volatile compound of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae) was ( E)-nerolidol with a woody or fresh bark note. Polyketides, as acylfilicinic acids, were mainly identified in this fern. Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex. All.) J. Holub (Thelypteridaceae), well-known for its lemon smell, contained the highest biodiversity of VOC. Eighty percent of the volatiles was issued from the terpenic pathway. The main volatiles were ( E)-nerolidol, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and other minor monoterpenes (for example, linalool, pinenes, limonene, and γ-terpinen-7-al). It was also the fern with the highest number of carotenoid-type derivatives, which were identified in large amounts. Our results were of great interest underlying new industrial valorisation for ferns based on their broad spectrum of volatiles.

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STUDIES ON A NON-MELATONIN PINEAL ANTI-GONADOTROPHIN

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0690257 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Bryant Benson ◽

Mary Jane Matthews ◽

Alvin E. Rodin

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Test System ◽

Pineal Body ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Organic Solvent Extraction ◽

Gland Function

ABSTRACT Continuing investigation of pineal gland function indicates that the anti-gonadotrophic activity of this organ cannot be attributed solely to the postulated hormone melatonin, the concentration of which is negligible in the pineal body compared to quantities required to produce unequivocal physiological effects. A non-melatonin antigonadotrophic substance recently isolated from bovine pineal glands was further purified by organic solvent extraction, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Studies of partial blockage of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in unilaterally ovariectomized Charles River CD-1 mice indicated that this substance is significantly more potent than melatonin in this test system.

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Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2020-0040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodi Wang ◽

Yongchao Zhang ◽

Luyao Wang ◽

Xiaoju Wang ◽

Qingxi Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organic Solvent Extraction ◽

Glycoside Linkage ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

Main Components ◽

Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

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