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Ocean Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Charitha Pattiaratchi ◽  
Mirjam van der Mheen ◽  
Cathleen Schlundt ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Appalanaidu Sura ◽  
...  

Abstract. Plastic debris is the most common and exponentially increasing human pollutant in the world's ocean. The distribution and impact of plastic in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have been the subject of many publications but not so the Indian Ocean (IO). Some of the IO rim countries have the highest population densities globally and mismanagement of plastic waste is of concern in many of these rim states. Some of the most plastic-polluted rivers empty into the IO, with all this suggesting that the IO receives a tremendous amount of plastic debris each year. However, the concentration, distribution, and impacts of plastics in the IO are poorly understood as the region is under-sampled compared to other oceans. In this review, we discuss sources and sinks, which are specific to the IO. We also discuss unique atmospheric, oceanographic, and topographic features of the IO that control plastic distribution, such as reversing wind directions due to the monsoon, fronts, and upwelling regions. We identify hotspots of possible plastic accumulation in the IO, which differ between the two hemispheres. In the southern IO, plastics accumulate in a garbage patch in the subtropical gyre. However, this garbage patch is not well defined, and plastics may leak into the southern Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean. There is no subtropical gyre and associated garbage in the northern IO due to the presence of landmasses. Instead, the majority of buoyant plastics most likely end up on coastlines. Finally, we identify the vast knowledge gaps concerning plastics in the IO and point to the most pressing topics for future investigation.


2022 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Aatif Jamshed ◽  
Asmita Dixit

Bitcoin has gained a tremendous amount of attention lately because of the innate nature of entering cryptographic technologies and money-related units in the fields of banking, cybersecurity, and software engineering. This chapter investigates the effect of Bayesian neural structures or networks (BNNs) with the aid of manipulating the Bitcoin process's timetable. The authors also choose the maximum extensive highlights from Blockchain records that are carefully applied to Bitcoin's marketplace hobby and use it to create templates to enhance the influential display of the new Bitcoin evaluation process. They endorse actual inspection to check and expect the Bitcoin technique, which compares the Bayesian neural network and other clean and non-direct comparison models. The exact tests show that BNN works well for undertaking the Bitcoin price schedule and explain the intense unpredictability of Bitcoin's actual rate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V.K Bupesh Raja ◽  
Ignatius Raja ◽  
Rahul Kavvampally

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwongrat Papangkorn ◽  
Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard ◽  
Pornsit Jiraporn

Gender diversity in the workplace has been an issue receiving a tremendous amount of attention both in academia and in the popular press. The research to date has tended to focus on the obstacles to promotion of women at lower and middle management levels, often referred to as a glass ceiling effect. However, most research on the subject has been mainly restricted to the definition of gender, by biological determination, that is, male and female, rather than by social construction. This chapter addresses the impact of gender diversity leadership and firms’ performance. In addition, it offers a synopsis of selected research examining the LGBT-supportive workplace policies and firms’ outcomes. Further, the chapter identifies priorities for future research that can advance our understanding on this research area, and the broader field of financial studies, encompassing the growing interest in the boundaries between the economic, the psychological and the social areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Dimitris Grigoropoulos

This paper surveys archaeological work on Greek sanctuaries of the Roman period conducted over the past 20 years. Previously largely ignored or simply overlooked, in recent times the Roman phases of sanctuaries have seen a tremendous amount of excavation and research work, mirroring the increased interest in the archaeology of Roman Greece as a whole. In addition to brief presentatons of new and recent archaeological discoveries and material studies, this survey also aims to highlight the importance of current work based on the re-examination of sites excavated long ago and the contribution of various strands of archaeological evidence to an enhanced understanding of the history and function of Greek sanctuaries from the time of the Roman conquest to Late Antiquity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jinjin Guo ◽  
Zhiguo Gong ◽  
Longbing Cao

The online event discovery in social media based documents is useful, such as for disaster recognition and intervention. However, the diverse events incrementally identified from social media streams remain accumulated, ad hoc, and unstructured. They cannot assist users in digesting the tremendous amount of information and finding their interested events. Further, most of the existing work is challenged by jointly identifying incremental events and dynamically organizing them in an adaptive hierarchy. To address these problems, this article proposes d ynamic and h ierarchical C ategorization M odeling (dhCM) for social media stream. Instead of manually dividing the timeframe, a multimodal event miner exploits a density estimation technique to continuously capture the temporal influence between documents and incrementally identify online events in textual, temporal, and spatial spaces. At the same time, an adaptive categorization hierarchy is formed to automatically organize the documents into proper categories at multiple levels of granularities. In a nonparametric manner, dhCM accommodates the increasing complexity of data streams with automatically growing the categorization hierarchy over adaptive growth. A sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is used for the online inference of the dhCM parameters. Extensive experiments show that dhCM outperforms the state-of-the-art models in terms of term coherence, category abstraction and specialization, hierarchical affinity, and event categorization and discovery accuracy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo A. Santorelli ◽  
Toby Wilkinson ◽  
Ronke Abdulmalik ◽  
Yuma Rai ◽  
Christopher J. Creevey ◽  
...  

Abstract Honeybees use plant material to manufacture their own food. These insect pollinators visit flowers repeatedly to collect nectar and pollen, which are shared with other hive bees to produce honey and beebread. While producing these products, beehives accumulate a tremendous amount of microbes, including bacteria that derive from plants and different parts of the honey bees’ body. In this study, we conducted 16S rDNA metataxonomic analysis on honey and beebread samples that were collected from 15 beehives in the southeast of England in order to quantify the bacteria associated with beehives. The results highlighted that honeybee products carry a significant variety of bacterial groups that comprise bee commensals, environmental bacteria and pathogens of plants and animals. Remarkably, this bacterial diversity differs amongst the beehives, suggesting a defined fingerprint that is affected, not only by the nectar and pollen gathered from local plants, but also from other environmental sources. In summary, our results show that every hive possesses their own distinct microbiome, and that honeybee products are valuable indicators of the bacteria present in the beehives and their surrounding environment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suad Ibrahim Huseen ◽  
Ola Khaled Elakel ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Mohamed Izham Ibrahim

Background: Qatar is facing an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs research is one of the country's priority research areas according to Qatar National Research Funds (QNRF) and Qatar University research roadmaps. Tremendous amount of investment and funding has been dedicated to this area. Study objective: This bibliometric analysis study aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative description of CVD-related research in Qatar over the last 20 years. Method: Literature search was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Research published between 2000 and 2020 were included. A preliminary analysis was done for the 534 documents published in the period between 2018 - 2020. Results: There was about a 42% increase in publications from 2018 to 2020. Almost half of the publications (48%) were published in first quartile ranked journals (Q1). Stroke was the main covered research area. Approximately 44% of the publications had a main author from a Qatari affiliation, and 56% of the Qatari funded publication received the grants from QNRF. Conclusion: This study will serve as a tool for better allocation of funding and grants in CVD-related research. Upon the completion of the study, we will be able to visualize more clearly and make a conclusion about CVD-related research in Qatar.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Charles Ganaprakasam ◽  
Syeda Humayra ◽  
Kalaivani Ganasegaran ◽  
Philominah Arkappan

The COVID-19 global health crisis has inflicted a tremendous amount of mental tribulation, especially in developing nations1. Since the COVID-19 outbreak has been declared as a public health crisis, many countries across the South Asian region reported a sharp increase in suicide cases. For instance, suicide cases in Thailand, Singapore, and Nepal have surged tremendously during the outbreak of COVID-19. Thailand health officials revealed that 2,551 suicide cases were reported in the first half of 2020, which is a 22% increment from the same period in 20192. In parallel, Singapore reported 452 suicides in 2020, the nation's highest number of cases since 2012, amid the isolation and psychological distress brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic3. Furthermore, in Nepal, the number of suicide cases increased by almost 25% compared with previous years amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, whereby 559 suicide incidents occurred every month4. In Malaysia, there has been a dramatic upsurge in suicide cases since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020. According to recent statistics by the Royal Malaysian Police Department, a total of 631 suicide cases were recorded in 2020 and 468 cases were reported between January to May 20215. Compared to the year 2019, suicide cases in Malaysia almost doubled on average in all age categories in the 5 months of 2021 that is 94 cases per month compared to 51 cases per month in 20195. The increased psychological distress and poor mental health status amidst COVID-19 supports the escalating suicide mortality subjectively. Hence, this unexpected pandemic situation demands a comprehensive framework for tackling the massive upsurge of suicide among people from developing countries. In line with that, the aim of this viewpoint is to revisit the efforts implemented by the current Malaysian government and propose several prevention strategies to combat suicide during this global health crisis.


Author(s):  
Ho Sew Tiep ◽  
Goh Mei Ling ◽  
Radziah Shaikh Abdullah ◽  
Teo Kim Mui

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, mobile phones has become the utmost preference device for most Malaysian to stay connected. Over the past decades, mobile phone users in this country has been increasing steadily. Percentage of individuals in Malaysia using mobile phones increased from 94.2% in 2013 to 97.5% in 2015 (DOS, 2016). According to the hand phone users survey carried out by MCMC (2017) , there were 42.3 million mobile phone subscriptions with a penetration rate of 131.2% to a population of 32.3 million at the end of 2017. In a study on university students of Malaysia, Ho et al. (2018) revealed that a substantial amount of them (18.83%) actually do not know what to do with the waste mobile phones. This reflects the low awareness amongst university students and the lack of formal management system in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings show the rate of replacements of even functioning phones is high and a significant high stockpile of the waste mobile phones, which in turn increase the generation of e-waste eventually. Tremendous amount of waste mobile phones are expected to be generated in Malaysia. Malaysia is now facing a challenge on how to deal with the ever growing generation of waste mobile phones from users. An insight into their e-waste management practices and key predictors in relation to waste mobile phones recycling intention are therefore essential. This would help to lay the foundation for developing a suitable, workable, effective and efficient system of collecting e-wastes. This study aims to probe into university students' behavioural intentions to recycle waste mobile phones. In the meanwhile, it is expected to derive the policy implications for the future expansion and enhancement of mobile phones recycling response rate. Keywords: Determinants, Mobile Phones, Recycling, Intention, University Students


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