scholarly journals Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Water Soluble Organic Carbon of Atmospheric Aerosol Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot ◽  
Ilias G. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Aerosol Sources

The water soluble organic carbon of the prevalent atmospheric aerosol sources (traffic exhausts, paved road dust, agricultural soil, native soil, wood combustion, epicuticular waxes from pine and broad-leaved trees, and pollen) has been characterized using 1H (1-dimensional), 1H-1H-correlation spectroscopy and 1H-13C-heteronuclear single quantum correlation 2-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Traffic exhaust particles were mainly constituted of primary alcohols, carbohydrates, functionalized olefins, C3 and C4 oxy- and hydroxyl-carboxylic acids, and short-chain alkanes. Road dust was a mixture of soil particles and traffic components. Agricultural, natural, road dust, and traffic particles contained broad signals that were attributed to poly-carboxylic compounds typically found in humic compounds and humic-like substances. Traces of traffic particles (ie, peaks in the 7.3-7.5 ppm [phthalic acid derivatives] and signals found in the 0.5-3 ppm originating from functionalized carboxylic acids) were also found in natural soil dust. Long-chain (>C3) fatty acids and amino acids were found in road dust, natural soil, pine trees waxes, pollen, and woodburning. The aromatic region mainly constituted of lignin derivatives and cellulose/hemicellulose pyrolysis products (signals in 2D-NMR) in woodburning. Primary biogenic and woodburning particles were uniquely clustered as compared to traffic exhausts, road, agricultural, and natural dust based on the relative ratio of hydro-oxygenated functional groups (H-C-O and H-C-C=O) to the sum of aliphatics. Overall, source-specific NMR spectrometric fingerprints, functional composition profiles, and several organic compounds were identified allowing for the reconciliation of ambient organic aerosol sources including the degree of atmospheric aging.

scholarly journals Molecular Speciation of Size Fractionated Particulate Water-Soluble Organic Carbon by Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Marie-Cecile Chalbot ◽  
Salma Siddiqui ◽  
Ilias G. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Particulate matter is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; its effects depend on particle size and chemical content. It is important to understand the composition and resultant toxicological profile of particulate organic compounds, the largest and most complex fraction of particulate matter. The objective of the study was to delineate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral fingerprint of the biologically relevant water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction of size fractionated urban aerosol. A combination of one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy methods was used. The size distribution of particle mass, water-soluble extract, non-exchangeable organic hydrogen functional types and specific biomarkers such as levoglucosan, methane sulfonate, ammonium and saccharides indicated the contribution of fresh and aged wood burning emissions, anthropogenic and biogenic secondary aerosol for fine particles as well as primary traffic exhausts and pollen for large particles. Humic-like macromolecules in the fine particle size range included branched carbon structures containing aromatic, olefinic, keto and nitrile groups and terminal carboxylic and hydroxyl groups such as terpenoid-like polycarboxylic acids and polyols. Our study show that 2D-NMR spectroscopy can be applied to study the chemical composition of size fractionated aerosols.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at U.S. national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Taylor ◽  
Don R. Collins ◽  
Douglas H. Lowenthal ◽  
Barbara Zielinska ◽  
Vera Samburova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
National Park ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Abstract. Due to the atmospheric abundance and chemical complexity of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC), its contribution to the hydration behavior of atmospheric aerosol is both significant and difficult to assess. For the present study, the hygroscopicity and CCN activity of isolated atmospheric WSOC particulate matter was measured without the compounding effects of common, soluble inorganic aerosol constituents. WSOC was extracted with high purity water from daily high-volume PM2.5 filter samples and separated from water soluble inorganic constituents using solid phase extraction. The WSOC filter extracts were concentrated and combined to provide sufficient mass for continuous generation of the WSOC-only aerosol over the combined measurement time of the tandem differential mobility analyzer and coupled scanning mobility particle sizer/CCN counter used for the analysis. Aerosol samples were taken at Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the summer of 2006 and fall-winter of 2007–08; Mount Rainier National Park during the summer of 2009; Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, during the summer of 2010; and Acadia National Park during the summer of 2011. Across all sampling locations and seasons, the hygroscopic growth of WSOC samples at 90 % RH, expressed in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, "kappa," ranged from 0.05–0.15. Comparisons between the hygroscopicity of WSOC and that of samples containing all soluble materials extracted from the filters implied a significant modification of the hydration behavior of inorganic components, including decreased hysteresis separating efflorescence and deliquescence and enhanced dissolution between 40 and 80 % RH.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at US national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2555-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Taylor ◽  
Don R. Collins ◽  
Douglas H. Lowenthal ◽  
Ian B. McCubbin ◽  
A. Gannet Hallar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
National Park ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Abstract. Due to the atmospheric abundance and chemical complexity of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), its contribution to the hydration behavior of atmospheric aerosol is both significant and difficult to assess. For the present study, the hygroscopicity and CCN activity of isolated atmospheric WSOC particulate matter was measured without the compounding effects of common, soluble inorganic aerosol constituents. WSOC was extracted with high purity water from daily high-volume PM2.5 filter samples and separated from water soluble inorganic constituents using solid-phase extraction. The WSOC filter extracts were concentrated and combined to provide sufficient mass for continuous generation of the WSOC-only aerosol over the combined measurement time of the tandem differential mobility analyzer and coupled scanning mobility particle sizer–CCN counter used for the analysis. Aerosol samples were taken at Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the summer of 2006 and fall–winter of 2007–2008; Mount Rainier National Park during the summer of 2009; Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, during the summer of 2010; and Acadia National Park during the summer of 2011. Across all sampling locations and seasons, the hygroscopic growth of WSOC samples at 90 % RH, expressed in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. Comparisons between the hygroscopicity of WSOC and that of samples containing all soluble materials extracted from the filters implied a significant modification of the hydration behavior of inorganic components, including decreased hysteresis separating efflorescence and deliquescence and enhanced water uptake between 30 and 70 % RH.

Fluorescence characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol☆

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 115906
Author(s):  
Guangming Wu ◽  
Pingqing Fu ◽  
Kirpa Ram ◽  
Jianzhong Song ◽  
Qingcai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon
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