scholarly journals Refrigeration and the Reduction of the Takeoff Rate of Bushmeat

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401668417
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Buck ◽  
Tavor Tchai ◽  
Uriel Spiegel ◽  
Wayne A. Morra
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Luxury Good ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Period Model

Rising incomes in the developing world has led to increased consumption of bushmeat as a luxury good with a mounting risk of species extirpation. In a two-period model with stochastic supply, this article shows that the simple expedient of introducing refrigeration to the bushmeat markets can lead to the reduction of harvest rates. In the absence of refrigeration, all bushmeat brought to the market must be sold immediately, putting downward pressure on price and sending the incorrect signal to hunters that everything they kill can and will be sold. With refrigeration, it is possible to carry over inventory from one period to the next, which in turn limits harvests. Although harvest rates fall unequivocally, there may be no incentive for market participants to introduce refrigeration. This last result is explained through the use of the economists’ notion of economic welfare as measured by consumer and producer surplus. Achieving the socially desirable goal of lower harvest rates may require third-party intervention in the market.

Enclosure for fuse cutout against third party intervention

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe R. B. Toledo ◽  
Andre Eugenio Lazzaretti ◽  
Edemir Luiz Kowalski ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Ravaglio ◽  
Jose Arinos Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Third Party Intervention

scholarly journals (2012) 30 Windsor Y B Access Just 103 A VIEW FROM WITHIN: RECONCEPTUALIZING MEDIATOR INTERACTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie De Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Participant Observer

This paper explores mediator interactions from within the mediation process. It is difficult to obtain access to mediations due to issues of confidentiality and litigation privilege, thus restricting direct empirical research. During a yearlong ethnographic study during which the author was a participant-observer of a number of commercial mediations, the nature of mediations was explored from an independent observational perspective – separate from the process yet within the process. In this study, real life patterns of interactions are examined through case study analysis. It offers a reconceptualization of the nature of mediator interventions, one that moves beyond the accepted understanding of third party intervention. It suggests that the mediator has a fugitive identity in mediation, reflecting a traditional neutral third party intervener role, a party role and an adviser role.Dans le présent document, l‟auteure explore les interactions des médiateurs dans le cadre du processus de médiation. Il est difficile d‟obtenir l‟accès aux séances de médiation en raison du secret professionnel et du privilège relatif au litige, et cette difficulté limite la recherche empirique directe. Au cours d‟une étude ethnographique qui s‟est déroulée sur une année et à laquelle l‟auteure a participé comme observatrice d‟un certain nombre de médiations commerciales, la nature des médiations a été explorée d‟un point de vue observationnel indépendant – distinct du processus bien qu‟au sein du processus. Dans la présente étude, des situations réelles d‟interaction sont examinées au moyen de l‟analyse d‟études de cas. L‟auteure offre une reconceptualisation de la nature des interventions du médiateur, qui va au-delà de ce qui est reconnu comme l‟intervention d‟une tierce partie. Le médiateur aurait une identité fugace dans le processus de médiation, cette identité s‟expliquant par un rôle traditionnel de tiers intervenant neutre, un rôle de partie et un rôle de conseiller.

scholarly journals Vision d'une révision du Code du travail

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-934
Author(s):  
Pierre Verge
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
General Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Substantive Law

Would a codification of labour law — in the Continental meaning of the word, and not a mere consolidation of existing statutes — enhance the development of this field of law ? Would the resulting instrument be likely to generate more appropriate ways of dealing with labour situations, whether or not they pertain to a collective bargaining context ? Adjective as well as substantive law would have to be involved in such an exercise. The latter aspect raises the fundamental issue of the proper relationship between the general law — civil law essentially — and labour law. What degree of autonomy is necessary to the integrity of the specialized law ? Conversely, to what extent is the general law to be relied upon to provide the necessary second-line set of legal provisions ? For instance, the two sets of legal rules entertain different views as to the termination of the employment relationship and as to the effect of a collective agreement. A well-integrated body of labour law should, in the author's opinion, govern comprehensively labour situation. The codifying process would also aim at eliminating internal discrepancies and a simpler, more accessible legal subsystem would emerge. As to the adjective aspects of labour law, the identification of desirable forms of third-party intervention relating to both collective bargaining and labour standards legislation could lead to appropriate jurisdictional arrangements. In the case of industrial conflicts, of particular interest are the flexible powers of intervention with which the Canada and British Columbia labour boards are endowed. Consideration should also be paid to certain European models — namely the Conseil de prud'hommes — which allow both conciliation and adjudication to take place in the solving of normative law conflicts of application. A full-fledged Labour Code would indeed invite the setting up of a more authentic Labour Court.

scholarly journals Public Private Partnerships and the Prospects for Sustainable ICT Projects in the Developing World

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fife ◽  
Laura Hosman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One

This paper analyses the recent phenomenon of private/public partnerships (PPPs) in the ICT sector of the developing world. The partners may come to these projects with divergent motivations: profit on the one hand and the provision of public services on the other, but at the end of the day, the interests of the partners that are symbiotic can – and indeed should – be aligned to ensure successful long-term projects. To investigate what can be done to promote successful and sustainable PPPs, this paper extends the traditional two-actor analysis to include both a third-party non-profit-oriented facilitating organization and the technology recipients that are the targets of these projects. Following an overview of the current state of PPPs in the developing world, the paper provides two case studies, based in Vietnam, where all four of the above-mentioned stakeholders were involved. The cases reveal important success factors that can be applied to future PPPs in the ICT sector.

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