scholarly journals COMPUTER-ORIENTED ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES IV. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID-BASED CENTROMERIC INDEX

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTIMER L. MENDELSOHN ◽  
DEBORAH E. BENNETT ◽  
ELLIOT BOGART ◽  
BRIAN H. MAYALL
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Replication Error ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
Centromeric Position

A density-oriented semiautomatic method to estimate centromeric index is described and tested on 4611 human chromosomal images. Chromosomes are stained for deoxyribonucleic acid with gallocyanin-chrome alum and their optical density is recorded by a digital scanning microscope. Shape information in the chromosome boundary leads to a provisional centromeric position. The chromosome is divided into strips 0.25-0.35 µm wide paralleling the centromere. Optical density is integrated within each strip, strips are assembled into a density profile and the definitive centromere is located at the major local minimum in the profile. Centromeric index (large arm:total) is based on optical density or area. A test set of 4611 chromosomal images is based on over 2500 chromosomes (56 metaphase cells from six individuals) and excludes overlapped and excessively bent chromosomes. The program fails in 1.2% of the test images. Standard deviation within chromosome groups of centromeric index based on density is 0.024 and replication error is 0.016. Systematic differences between area-based and density-based measurements are observed and interpreted.

Distribution of Deoxyribonucleic Acid along Human Chromosomes

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5009) ◽  
pp. 486-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Human Chromosomes

A Novel Digital Scanning Microscope

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chou Lyu ◽  
Hsing-Cheng Yu ◽  
Kuen-Chiuan Cheng ◽  
Yuan-Chin Lee ◽  
Jau-Jiu Ju
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Digital Scanning

DNA Content and DNA-Based Centromeric Index of the 24 Human Chromosomes

Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 179 (4078) ◽  
pp. 1126-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Mendelsohn ◽  
B. H. Mayall ◽  
E. Bogart ◽  
D. H. Moore ◽  
B. H. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Centromeric Index

scholarly journals MICROFLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION KINETICS AND SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN HUMAN CHROMOSOMES

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL A. LATT
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

Fluorescence of the dye 33258 Hoechst, when bound to chromosomes, is partially quenched by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This effect allows microfluorometric analysis of DNA synthesis. Metaphase chromosomes from cultured human leukocytes which have incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine for a portion of the DNA synthesis period exhibit reduced 33258 Hoechst fluorescence in 5-bromodeoxyuridine-containing regions. Regions synthesizing DNA during a particular interval can thus be highlighted by the appropriate protocol of 5-bromodeoxyuridine administration. Chromosomes from cells which have replicated twice in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine exhibit one brightly and one dully fluorescing chromatid, reflecting incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into one or two chains of chromatid DNA, respectively. Sister chromatid exchanges, evident as sharply demarcated reciprocal alterations in fluorescence along chromosomes, can be located relative to quinacrine banding patterns. This fluorometric approach should be useful in many instances as a convenient, high resolution alternative to autoradiography.

COMPUTER-ORIENTED ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES. II. INTEGRATED OPTICAL DENSITY AS A SINGLE PARAMETER FOR KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS

1969 ◽  
Vol 157 (1 Data Extracti) ◽  
pp. 376-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortimer L. Mendelsohn ◽  
David A. Hungerford ◽  
Brian H. Mayall ◽  
Benson Perry ◽  
Thomas Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Integrated Optical

A novel digital scanning microscope

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chou Lyu ◽  
Hsing-Cheng Yu ◽  
Kuen-Chiuan Cheng ◽  
Yuan-Chin Lee ◽  
Jau-Jiu Ju
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Digital Scanning

On-line sorting of human chromosomes by centromeric index, and identification of sorted populations by GTG-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization

1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert A. Boschman ◽  
Wim Rens ◽  
Eric Manders ◽  
Carel van Oven ◽  
Gerrit W. Barendsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
On Line

Quantitative analysis of C-bands based on optical density profiles in human chromosomes

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Benyush ◽  
V. G. Luckash ◽  
A. V. Shtannikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Density Profiles

Differentiation of Staphylococcus Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based DNA Fingerprinting

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. MATTHEWS ◽  
S. P. OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type Strains

Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Staphylococcus species was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR-based) DNA fingerprinting to distinguish between species. A total of 123 staphylococci isolated from bovine mammary secretions, and nine type strains representing eight species were evaluated. Amplified DNA fragments were categorized as either primary, secondary or variable fragments. Primary [optical density > 0.3 absorbance units (AU)] and secondary fragments (optical density > 0.12 AU) were observed in all isolates within a species. Infrequent DNA fragments were designated as variable fragments (optical density > 0.12 AU). Profiles were discrete and reproducible for each species. A simple identification scheme was developed based on the occurrence of primary and secondary DNA fragments for a species. A computer integrated scanning laser densitometer was utilized to store, retrieve, compare and evaluate DNA fingerprint profiles. This permitted rapid and accurate evaluation of staphylococcal isolates. Results of this study suggest that PCR-based DNA fingerprinting is suitable for typing Staphylococcus species of bovine origin. This technique could be of value to researchers and clinicians involved in the study of bacteria isolated from food, humans and animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document