Distribution of Deoxyribonucleic Acid along Human Chromosomes

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5009) ◽  
pp. 486-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Human Chromosomes

scholarly journals MICROFLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION KINETICS AND SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN HUMAN CHROMOSOMES

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL A. LATT
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

Fluorescence of the dye 33258 Hoechst, when bound to chromosomes, is partially quenched by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This effect allows microfluorometric analysis of DNA synthesis. Metaphase chromosomes from cultured human leukocytes which have incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine for a portion of the DNA synthesis period exhibit reduced 33258 Hoechst fluorescence in 5-bromodeoxyuridine-containing regions. Regions synthesizing DNA during a particular interval can thus be highlighted by the appropriate protocol of 5-bromodeoxyuridine administration. Chromosomes from cells which have replicated twice in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine exhibit one brightly and one dully fluorescing chromatid, reflecting incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into one or two chains of chromatid DNA, respectively. Sister chromatid exchanges, evident as sharply demarcated reciprocal alterations in fluorescence along chromosomes, can be located relative to quinacrine banding patterns. This fluorometric approach should be useful in many instances as a convenient, high resolution alternative to autoradiography.

scholarly journals COMPUTER-ORIENTED ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES IV. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID-BASED CENTROMERIC INDEX

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTIMER L. MENDELSOHN ◽  
DEBORAH E. BENNETT ◽  
ELLIOT BOGART ◽  
BRIAN H. MAYALL
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Replication Error ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
Centromeric Position

A density-oriented semiautomatic method to estimate centromeric index is described and tested on 4611 human chromosomal images. Chromosomes are stained for deoxyribonucleic acid with gallocyanin-chrome alum and their optical density is recorded by a digital scanning microscope. Shape information in the chromosome boundary leads to a provisional centromeric position. The chromosome is divided into strips 0.25-0.35 µm wide paralleling the centromere. Optical density is integrated within each strip, strips are assembled into a density profile and the definitive centromere is located at the major local minimum in the profile. Centromeric index (large arm:total) is based on optical density or area. A test set of 4611 chromosomal images is based on over 2500 chromosomes (56 metaphase cells from six individuals) and excludes overlapped and excessively bent chromosomes. The program fails in 1.2% of the test images. Standard deviation within chromosome groups of centromeric index based on density is 0.024 and replication error is 0.016. Systematic differences between area-based and density-based measurements are observed and interpreted.

scholarly journals Basic Concepts in Genetics and Pharmacogenomics for Pharmacists

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117739281988687
Author(s):  
Kathleen B Orrico
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Medication Selection ◽  
Basic Concepts

This basic review of genetic principles will aid pharmacists in preparing for their eventual role of translating gene-drug associations into clinical practice. Genes, which are stretches of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contained on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, determine the size and shape of every protein a living organism builds. Variation in pharmacogenes which encode for proteins central to drug action and toxicity serves as the basis of pharmacogenomics (PGx). Important online resources such as PharmGKB.org, cpicpgx.org, and PharmVar.org provide the clinician with curated and summarized PGx associations and clinical guidelines. As genetic testing becomes increasingly affordable and accessible, the time is now for pharmacists to embrace PGx-guided medication selection and dosing to personalize and improve the safety and efficacy of drug therapy.

Automatic Karyotyping of Human Chromosomes Using Band Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chaku ◽  
◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosomes

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and its impact in generation of cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
J Rajeswari ◽  
GP Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Linkage of genetic markers on human chromosomes 20 and 12 to NIDDM in Caucasian sib pairs with a history of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Bowden ◽  
M. Sale ◽  
T. D. Howard ◽  
A. Qadri ◽  
B. J. Spray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sib Pairs

MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING BIOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENTAL ON OIL SPILL IN COASTAL OF PARI ISLAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Sequence Determination ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

There is an information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spill. We have Bioremediation treatment for degradation of oil spill on Pari island and need two kind of experiment there are tanks experiment (sampling 0 to 90 days) and semi enclosed system (sampling 0 to 150 days). Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyze biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Experiment design using fertilizer Super IB and Linstar will stimulate bacteria can degrade oil, n-alkane, and alkane as poly aromatic hydrocarbon. The bacteria communities were monitored and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Clone Library; oil chemistry was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primers U515f and U1492r. Strains had been sequence and had similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa by homology Blast search and few of them suspected as new species. The results showed that fertilizers gave a significant effect on alkane, PAH and oil degradation in tanks experiment but not in the field test. Dominant of the specific bacteria on this experiment were Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Prosthecochloris. Keywords: Bioremediation, Biostimulation, DGGE, PAH, Pari Island

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