scholarly journals The Influence of Applicant and Reviewer Gender on Resident Selection for Internal Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052110165
Author(s):  
Steven J Katz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency Program ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Resident Selection ◽  
Component Scores

Background: While gender bias in medicine, including physician training, has been well described, less is known about gender bias in the selection process for post graduate residency training programs. This analysis reviews the potential role of gender on resident selection for an internal medicine residency program. Methods: File review and interview overall and component scores were analyzed based on the gender of the applicant. File review scores were further analyzed based on the reviewer’s gender. Results: Women applicants scored higher than men applicants on their file review. There were no differences in any one component score except for leadership in art. Women file reviewers scored applicants higher than men file reviewers, but there was no difference between gender scores. There was no difference in overall or component interview scores between men or women applicants. Scoring did not impact the expected rank performance of applicants based on gender at any stage of the selection process. Conclusions: While higher scores were observed in women applicants upon their file review, and women reviewers provided higher file review scores, this did not appear to impact the expected number of women and men applicants at each stage of the applicant process. This suggests a potential lack of gender bias at these stages of applicant selection.

scholarly journals Maternal effects alter the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1838) ◽  
pp. 20161023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pilakouta ◽  
Per T. Smiseth
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Burying Beetle ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides ◽  
Selection For

A maternal effect is a causal influence of the maternal phenotype on the offspring phenotype over and above any direct effects of genes. There is abundant evidence that maternal effects can have a major impact on offspring fitness. Yet, no previous study has investigated the potential role of maternal effects in influencing the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring. Inbreeding depression is a reduction in the fitness of inbred offspring relative to outbred offspring. Here, we tested whether maternal effects due to body size alter the magnitude of inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides . We found that inbreeding depression in larval survival was more severe for offspring of large females than offspring of small females. This might be due to differences in how small and large females invest in an inbred brood because of their different prospects for future breeding opportunities. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for a causal effect of the maternal phenotype on the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring. In natural populations that are subject to inbreeding, maternal effects may drive variation in inbreeding depression and therefore contribute to variation in the strength and direction of selection for inbreeding avoidance.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Internal Medicine Residency Program Candidates on the Use of Simulation in the Selection Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Cannon ◽  
Zachary Hartsell ◽  
Ilko Ivanov ◽  
Joseph Charles ◽  
Harshad Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency ◽  
Medical Simulation ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency Program ◽  
Interview Process

Abstract Background The recruitment of skilled candidates into internal medicine residency programs has relied on traditional interviewing techniques with varying degrees of success. The development of simulated medical technology has provided a new arena in which to assess candidates' clinical skills, knowledge base, situational awareness, and problem-solving dexterities within a standardized environment for educational and assessment purposes. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the interest of program candidates in incorporating simulation medicine into the internal medicine residency interview process. Methods As a prospective, survey-based analysis, potential candidates who completed an interview between October 2012 and January 2013 with an accredited internal medicine residency program were sent a postmatch survey that incorporated 3 additional questions relating to their prior experience with medical simulation and their views on incorporating the technology into the interview format. Results Of the 88 candidates who completed an interview, 92% (n  =  81) were scheduled to graduate medical school in 2013 and were graduates of a US medical school. All survey responders described previous experience with medical simulation. Fifty-eight percent (n  =  51) of responders described being “less likely” to interview with or join a residency program if they were required to participate in a 10-minute medical simulation during the interview process. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that despite the increasing role of technology in medical education, its role in high-stakes evaluations (such as residency interviews) requires further maturation before general acceptance by residency candidates can be expected.

scholarly journals Association Between Internal Medicine Residency Applicant Characteristics and Performance on ACGME Milestones During Intern Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Blair P. Golden ◽  
Bruce L. Henschen ◽  
David T. Liss ◽  
Sara L. Kiely ◽  
Aashish K. Didwania
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Medicine Clerkship ◽  
Residency Selection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Resident Selection

ABSTRACT Background Residency programs apply varying criteria to the resident selection process. However, it is unclear which applicant characteristics reflect preparedness for residency. Objective We determined the applicant characteristics associated with first-year performance in internal medicine residency as assessed by performance on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones. Methods We examined the association between applicant characteristics and performance on ACGME Milestones during intern year for individuals entering Northwestern University's internal medicine residency between 2013 and 2018. We used bivariate analysis and a multivariable linear regression model to determine the association between individual factors and Milestone performance. Results Of 203 eligible residents, 198 (98%) were included in the final sample. One hundred fourteen residents (58%) were female, and 116 residents (59%) were White. Mean Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores were 245.5 (SD 12.0) and 258 (SD 10.8) respectively. Step 1 scores, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, medicine clerkship grades, and interview scores were not associated with Milestone performance in the bivariate analysis and were not included in the multivariable model. In the multivariable model, overall clerkship grades, ranking of the medical school, and year entering residency were significantly associated with Milestone performance (P ≤ .04). Conclusions Most traditional metrics used in residency selection were not associated with early performance on ACGME Milestones during internal medicine residency.

Broad-sense sexual selection, sex gene pool evolution, and speciation

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Civetta ◽  
R S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Sexual Conflicts ◽  
Sexual Traits

Studies of sexual selection have traditionally focused on explaining the extreme sexual dimorphism in male secondary sexual traits and elaborate mating behaviors displayed by males during courtship. In recent years, two aspects of sexual selection have received considerable attention in the literature: an extension of the sexual selection concept to other traits (i.e., postcopulatory behaviors, external and internal genital morphology, gametes, molecules), and alternative mechanistic explanations of the sexual selection process (i.e., coevolutionary runaway, good-genes, sexual conflicts). This article focuses on the need for an extension of sexual selection as a mechanism of change for courtship and (or) mating male characters (i.e., narrow-sense sexual selection) to all components of sexuality not necessarily related to courtship or mating (i.e., broad-sense sexual selection). We bring together evidence from a wide variety of organisms to show that sex-related genes evolve at a fast rate, and discuss the potential role of broad-sense sexual selection as an alternative to models that limit speciation to strict demographic conditions or treat it simply as an epiphenomenon of adaptive evolution.Key words: sexual selection, sex-related genes, speciation.

scholarly journals Effect of resident and assessor gender on entrustment-based observational assessment in an internal medicine residency program

MedEdPublish ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Weber ◽  
Benjamin Kinnear ◽  
Matthew Kelleher ◽  
Melissa Klein ◽  
Dana Sall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency Program ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Significant Group

Background: Implicit gender bias leads to differences in assessment. Studies examining gender differences in resident milestone assessment data demonstrate variable results. The purpose of this study was to determine if observational entrustment scores differ by resident and assessor gender in a program of assessment based on discrete, observable skills.  Methods: We analyzed overall entrustment scores and entrustment scores by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competency for 238 residents (49% female) from 396 assessors (38% female) in one internal medicine residency program from July 2012 to June 2019. We conducted analyses at 1-12 months, 1-36 months, 1-6 months, 7-12 months, and 31-36 months. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the role of resident and assessor gender, with resident-specific and assessor-specific random effect to account for repeated measures.  Results: Statistically significant interactions existed between resident and assessor gender for overall entrustment at 1-12 months (p < 0.001), 1-36 months (p< 0.001), 1-6 months (p<0.001), 7-12 months (p=0.04), and 31-36 months (p<0.001). However, group differences were not statistically significant. In several instances an interaction was significant between resident and assessor gender by ACGME core competency, but there were no statistically significant group differences for all competencies at any time point. When applicable, subsequent analysis of main effect of resident or assessor gender independently of one another revealed no statistically significant differences.   Conclusions: No significant differences in entrustment scores were found based on resident or assessor gender in our large, robust entrustment-based program of assessment. Determining the reasons for our findings may help identify ways to mitigate gender bias in assessment.

Materials Selection for Failure Prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Brett A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Failure Prevention ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Materials selection is closely related to the objectives of failure analysis and prevention. This article briefly reviews the general aspects of materials selection as a concern in both proactive failure prevention during design and as a possible root cause of failed parts. Coverage is more conceptual, with general discussions on the following topics: design and failure prevention, materials selection in design, materials selection for failure prevention, and materials selection and failure analysis. Because materials selection is just one part of the design process, the overall concept of design is discussed. The article also describes the role of the materials engineer in the design and materials selection process. It provides information on the significance of materials selection in both the prevention and analysis of failures.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Convolutional Neural Network Based Algorithm in Patient Selection for DCIS Observation Trials Using a Mammogram Dataset

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Simukayi Mutasa ◽  
Peter Chang ◽  
Eduardo P. Van Sant ◽  
John Nemer ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ROLE OF ACINULL-P IN MANAGEMENT OF AJIRNA W.S.R TO INDIGESTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5073-5080
Author(s):  
Rajeev Verma ◽  
Meenakshi Verma ◽  
Pandya M.R
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Regimen Adherence ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Initial Action ◽  
Long Life

Ayurveda is the old traditional science deals with the management and prevention of diseases. Most of the diseases arise due to hypo functioning of Agni (bio-digestive power) and it is the root cause for the devel-opment of many diseases. Ayu (long life), Bala (strength) and Varna (complexion) etc. dependent on status of Agni. Agni present in the Jathara (Stomach and Intestine) which digest and metabolize the food and as-sist in growth of body hence it is termed as BhagawanIshvara- almighty God- himself. All the diseases arise as a result of less, excessive and irregular digestion of food known as Mandagni, Tikshnagni or Vi-shamagni respectively. Agni may get disturbed by erratic lifestyle and abnormal dietetic regimen. Disturbed functions of Agni cause indigestion of food is termed as Ajirna (indigestion). Ajirna is the most important source of production of Ama and favors genesis diseases. Avoidance of the etiological factor is the initial action in the management. Inappropriate lifestyle, unreliable seasonal regimen adherence, mental disturb-ance and stress may contribution in the progress of Ajirna condition. So, the Deepan, Pachan, Laghan are the basic management in Ajirna along with internal Medicine. Acinull-P which contain Trikatu, Ajmoda, Chitrakadimoola chhal, Nausadara, Swetajeeraka, Chhoti Harad, Krishna jeeraka, works on Ajirna.

scholarly journals Fine-scale genital morphology affects male ejaculation success: an experimental test

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 20200251
Author(s):  
Meng-Han Joseph Chung ◽  
Rebecca J. Fox ◽  
Michael D. Jennions
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Release ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Male Genital

The evolution of male genital traits is usually ascribed to advantages that arise when there is sperm competition, cryptic female choice or sexual conflict. However, when male–female contact is brief and sperm production is costly, genital structures that ensure the appropriate timing of sperm release should also be under intense selection. Few studies have examined the role of individual structures in triggering ejaculation. We therefore conducted a series of anatomical manipulations of fine-scale features of the complex intromittent organ (gonopodium) of a freshwater fish with internal fertilization ( Gambusia holbrooki ) to determine their effects on sperm release. Mating in G. holbrooki is fleeting (less than 50 ms), so there should be strong selection for control over the timing of sperm release. We surgically removed three features at the tip of the gonopodium (claws, spines, awl-shape) to test for their potential role in triggering ejaculation. We show that the ‘awl-shape' of the tip affects sperm release when a male makes contact with a female, but neither gonopodial claws nor spines had a detectable effect. We suggest that the claws and spines may instead function to increase the precision of sperm deposition (facilitating anchorage and contact time with the female's gonopore), rather than the initiation of ejaculation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document