Using the Intended–Enacted–Experienced Curriculum Model to Map the Vision and Change Core Competencies in Undergraduate Biology Programs and Courses

This study applies the intended-enacted-experienced curriculum model to map the Vision and Change core competencies across undergraduate biology courses. A five-department pilot of a curriculum mapping survey is followed by a deep dive of 10 courses to provide a rich snapshot of current core competency teaching and assessment practices.

Knowledge of recent medical graduates and views of stakeholders and teachers regarding medical ethics and professionalism in Bangladesh

Medical education aims to produce competent medical professionals and gives emphasis on competency-based learning in Bangladesh. Medical ethics and professionalism are considered as a core competency. A competent physician can ensure patient-centered health care system. This was an effort to obtain data regarding the knowledge of recent medical graduates and the opinion of medical educational stakeholders and teachers about medical ethics and professionalism at undergraduate medical education in Bangladesh. This mixed-method study was conducted in two rounds. The Round I was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 for assessing the knowledge of 308 recent medical graduates towards medical ethics and professionalism. In Round II, key informant interviews were conducted among 30 medical educational stakeholders and teachers from July 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected by pre-tested self administered semi-structured questionnaire and interview guidelines. The percentages of recent medical graduates who could give correct answers regarding autonomy, justice, presenting a subject to visual social media, breaching of confidentiality, organ donation and medical certificate were 19.8%, 54.9%, 73.1%, 37.3%, 91.6% and 74.4% respectively. Most of the medical educational stakeholders and teachers (80%) expressed their opinion related to curriculum. They also suggested for practicing ethics (20.0%) and training (20.0%). A gap was observed in the knowledge regarding medical ethics and professionalism of recent medical graduates. To improve practice of ethics and professionalism, enhancement of the knowledge by incorporating “medical ethics and professionalism” in curriculum might be considered. A separate compulsory module for training on medical ethics and professionalism can be added at pre-internship period for the recent medical graduates. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.13(1) January 2022: 40-48

Learning clinical reasoning in the workplace: a student perspective

Introduction Clinical reasoning is a core competency for every physician, as well as one of the most complex skills to learn. This study aims to provide insight into the perspective of learners by asking students about their own experiences with learning clinical reasoning throughout the medical Master’s curriculum. Methods We adopted a constructivist approach to organise three semi-structured focus groups within the Master’s curriculum at the medical school of the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen (Netherlands) between August and December 2019. Analysis was performed through template analysis. Results The study included 18 participants who (1) defined and interpreted clinical reasoning, (2) assessed the teaching methods and (3) discussed how they used their context in order to learn and perform clinical reasoning during their clinical rotations. They referred to a variety of contexts, including the clinical environment and various actors within it (e.g. supervisors, peers and patients). Conclusion With regard to the process by which medical students learn clinical reasoning in practice, this study stresses the importance of integrating context into the clinical reasoning process and the manner in which it is learnt. The full incorporation of the benefits of dialogue with the practice of clinical reasoning will require additional attention to educational interventions that empower students to (1) start conversations with their supervisors; (2) increase their engagement in peer and patient learning; (3) recognise bias and copy patterns in their learning process; and (4) embrace and propagate their role as boundary crossers.

Gap Analysis of Graduates Competencies in Manufacturing Engineering Department with the Industry

Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing (Polman Bandung) as one of the educational institutions that uses Production Based Education (PBE) in the teaching and learning process needs to prepare graduates who can compete in Industry that demands adequate creativity and skills. In order to ensure that graduates are the best and ready to enter the working and industry, the D3 Study Program - Precision Tool Manufacturing Technology (TPPP), which is under the Manufacturing Engineering Department, Polman Bandung, needs to carry out a fundamental transformation in its curriculum. To realize it, this Study Program carries out an Assessment Program for Curriculum Alignment that analyzing industry satisfaction from competencies of graduates. The competency consists of the core competency, hardskills competency, and softskill competency. The purpose of this study is to find out the gap between competency of students and industrial needs and analyzing industry satisfaction with the quality of academic services at Polman Bandung. The analytical method used was Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method, this method is an analysis technique which is used to find out which competencies need to be increased. The sampling data was collected from graduates in the last 3 years, industries in which graduates of the last 3 years work, student in the last year, and lecturer. The measured competencies will be classified in 4 quadrants, quadrant 1 recommended to be improved, quadrant 2 is satisfying and its performance must be maintained, quadrant 3 low priority, and quadrant 4 overkill. Based on IPA analysis, the competency which need to be improved comes from quadrant 1 as known a high priority improvement. The results of this competency gap will be analyzed to improve education program by transforming its curriculum.

Demand for Competence-based Education for Worker of Public Health Care Service in Ulsan Metropolitan City

Introduction: In order to strengthen the core competencies of workers, systematic education tailored to their needs is necessary. In this study, a survey was conducted on workers in public health care service in Ulsan Metropolitan City (Ulsan) to investigate the demand for education according to core competencies.Methods: A total of 70 workers who work for public health care service in Ulsan participated in this online survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic factors, work ability, education demand, and preference of education form.Results: The core competency with a high level of work ability is ‘Expertise on health and disease’ (41, 58.6%). On the other hand, the core competency with a low level of work ability was found to be the ‘Evaluation-related theories of public health care service’ (57, 81.4%). The core competencies with the highest demand for education were “Resident-centered service implementation” and “Public health care service strategy development” (64, 91.4%), followed by ‘Public health care service cases review’ and ‘knowledge of public health service plan’ (63, 90.0%). The preferred form of education is offline education (49, 40.8%). The most important factor in education was ‘work utilization’ (Offline: 57, 81.4%; Online: 48, 68.6%), both online and offline.Conclusions: Through the research results, it was possible to find out education demand according to core competencies and preference of education form. Based on these results, we will develop a core competency education program tailored to actual demand. In the future, it is necessary to continuously conduct research on such education demand.

Lived Experiences on Varied Dimensions of Police Recruits’ Training and Practice Basis for Quality Police Performance

Police malpractice, abuse of power, and police misfits are issues and problems associated with police recruits. There were reports about inappropriate acts committed by newly hired police officers during their actual field practice. This qualitative phenomenological studydetermined the dimensions of training that hamper the development of knowledge and skills of the police trainees and police officers.Seventeen (17) purposely selected participants comprised the sample for this study. They were chosen through the following inclusion criteria: police supervisors, trainers, police recruits, staff from the National Police Training Institute (NPTI) and have two or more years ofexperience. Thirteen recurring themes emerged from the verbatim interviews. The Philippine National Police (PNP), National Police Training Institute (NPTI), and the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) are the three public safety institutions in the Philippinesthat are expected to promote the quality performance of police recruits in both training and practice. On the whole, the results of this study can serve as the basis for creating innovative policies about police recruits’ selection, curriculum development, stress management,creation of core competency framework, performance evaluation system, and training and practice needs assessment.

An Empirical Study of the Impact of Systems Thinking and Simulation on Sustainability Education

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is considered vital to the success of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Systems thinking has been identified as a core competency that must be included in ESD. However, systems thinking-orientated ESD learning tools, established methods of the assessment of sustainability skills, and formal trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of such learning tools are all lacking. This research presents a randomised controlled trial (n = 106) to investigate whether an innovative online sustainability learning tool that incorporates two factors, systems thinking and system dynamics simulation, increases the understanding of a specific sustainability problem. A further aim was to investigate whether these factors also support the transfer of knowledge to a second problem with a similar systemic structure. The effects of the two factors were tested separately and in combination using a two-by-two factorial study design. ANOVA and related inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the effect of the factors on sustainability understanding. Cohen’s d effect sizes were also calculated. Simulation alone was found to increase ESD learning outcomes significantly, and also to support the transfer of skills, although less significantly. Qualitative feedback was also gathered from participants, most of whom reported finding systems thinking and simulation very helpful.

Developing nurse preceptor competency domain guide tool: A Delphi study

Background and objective: One of the strategies used to prepare novice nurses for their professional journeys in clinical practice is by implementing the preceptorship teaching and learning model. Competencies such as knowledge, experience, abilities, and attributes need to be measured to ensure the desired outcomes of the preceptorship are achieved and consistent. This study aimed to develop a nurse preceptor competency domain guide tool at a tertiary hospital in Oman.Methods: Three-round Delphi iterative design with experts was used to develop the nurse preceptor competency domain guide tool. Following standard measures, eight expert opinions were combined until a group consensus was achieved. The level of consensus within the expert panel was defined as ≥ 75% scoring of items were selected as an essential required competency/item.Results: Eight experts from a main tertiary hospital were included in the panel. Five core competency domains and five subdomains were identified and considered to be relevant for nurse preceptors at the hospital with consensus levels varying from 75% to 100%. A total of 83 descriptive items were identified for the competency guide tool.Conclusions: This study found that the main core competency domains of the tool that nurse preceptors should acquire to be competent preceptors are inter-professional communication skills, appropriate teaching strategies, time management skills, building a learning atmosphere, and coaching critical thinking. This tool would improve nurse preceptors’ performance and equip them with the required prerequisite competencies to professionally start their journey in clinical practices. Follow-up research on tool implementation is highly recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.