Reservation of Dalit in theCivil Service of Nepal: Efficacious or Not?

2021 ◽  
pp. 239448112110203
Author(s):  
Sachin Siwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Hierarchical Status

The concept of reservation in state mechanism attaches itself to the idea of breaking or at least stagnating the cycle of perpetuation of hierarchical status in those mechanisms. Reservation of Dalit in such mechanism is guaranteed via both statutory and constitutional requirement in context of Nepal. So much so, that ‘Right of Dalit’ recognised as a fundamental right of Dalit in the constitution encapsulates this requirement exclusively. The study investigates whether the guaranteeing of legal requirement has translated into an efficacious material realisation. It takes representation of Dalit within the civil service as a reference point for this investigation and analyses whether hierarchical status borne out of true phenomenology of caste have been truly shredded by policies of perceived empowerment in civil service symbolic to breaking of hierarchies in state machinery.

scholarly journals THE PAYMENT OF TRUST-ACCOUNT INTEREST: THE ETHICAL DUTIES OF ATTORNEYS TOWARDS THEIR CLIENTS, AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW LEGAL PRACTICE BILL

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Palmer ◽  
Angela Crocker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

It has been a long-standing practice in South Africa that interest earned on certain moneys deposited into attorneys’ trust accounts is paid over to the Attorneys Fidelity Fund. In fact, it is a legal requirement in terms of the Attorneys Act 53 of 1979, and the current version of the Legal Practice Bill. The December 2010 version of the Legal Practice Bill is the latest version of the Bill but not the final version, which is still awaited. This practice has both ethical and legal implications that have to be considered. This note will begin by looking at both the background and purpose of trust moneys received by attorneys. Then, using the KwaZulu-Natal Law Society Rules and schedules as a reference point (the KwaZulu-Natal Rules are generally representative, and in conformity with most of the rules of all the constituent law societies of the LSSA), the issue of whether the current practice of diverting the interest on trust moneys to the AFF is legally and ethically justifiable, particularly the duty to disclose information in respect of interest accruing on trust moneys, will be discussed. This will include a consideration of the proposed amendments in the new draft Legal Practice Bill. 

Cognitive Reflection Effects on Time Discounting

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek ◽  
Przemysław Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
The Way

Abstract. In this work, we investigated individual differences in cognitive reflection effects on delay discounting – a preference for smaller sooner over larger later payoff. People are claimed to prefer more these alternatives they considered first – so-called reference point – over the alternatives they considered later. Cognitive reflection affects the way individuals process information, with less reflective individuals relying predominantly on the first information they consider, thus, being more susceptible to reference points as compared to more reflective individuals. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that individuals who scored high on the Cognitive Reflection Test discount less strongly than less reflective individuals, but we also show that such individuals are less susceptible to imposed reference points. Experiment 2 replicated these findings additionally providing evidence that cognitive reflection predicts discounting strength and (in)dependency to reference points over and above individual difference in numeracy.

Comparison-Induced Evaluations Around a Reference Point

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber N. Bloomfield ◽  
Jessica M. Choplin
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point

The potential of continuous library and information education within the context of the Model Standard of Public Library

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Kuzichkina ◽  
Alexander Mazuritsky
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Single System ◽  
Library And Information Education

The authors discuss the problems of library and information education. The lack of a single system of life-long education in the library industry is stressed. The Model Standard of Public Libraries as a reference point for education reinvention is analyzed. The main vectors of public libraries activities defined in the Model Standard are considered, along with the desirable professional competences. The ratio of the libraries’ main tasks and functionalities and the professional education is examined.

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