scholarly journals Altered Cortical Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid in Female Veterans With Suicidal Behavior: Sex Differences and Clinical Correlates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701876877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Prescot ◽  
Chandni Sheth ◽  
Margaret Legarreta ◽  
Perry F. Renshaw ◽  
Erin McGlade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Female Veterans ◽  
Trauma Symptom Inventory ◽  
Trauma Symptom

Background Suicide is a public health concern in the civilian and veteran populations. Stressful life events are precipitating factors for suicide. The neurochemical underpinnings of the association between stress/trauma and suicide risk are unclear, especially with regard to sex differences. We hypothesized that gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, may be a neurochemical candidate that is critical in the association between stress and suicide risk in veterans. Methods Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla was used to measure in vivo neurochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex (predominantly the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) of 81 veterans (16 females), including 57 (11 females) who endorsed past suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt and 24 (5 females) with no history of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt. Suicidal behavior (SB) was defined as the presence of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt. Results We observed no significant differences in GABA/creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr + PCr) between veterans with SB (SB+) and without SB (SB−). However, the female SB+ group showed significantly reduced GABA/Cr + PCr versus the female SB− group. We observed a trend-level significant negative correlation between GABA/Cr + PCr and the Defensive Avoidance subscale on the Trauma Symptom Inventory in the SB+ group. In contrast, the SB− group exhibited a positive relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, we found significant negative correlations between GABA/Cr + PCr and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores as well as between GABA/Cr + PCr and several subscales of the Trauma Symptom Inventory in female veterans. Conclusions This study suggests that reduced GABA/Cr + PCr ratio in the anterior cingulate cortex, which may be related to altered inhibitory capacity, may underlie suicide risk in female veterans. Further, the negative association between GABA/Cr + PCr and stress symptomatology and depression scores suggests that magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies may shed light on intermediate phenotypes of SB.

Increased myoinositol in the anterior cingulate cortex of veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1619-1629
Author(s):  
Chandni Sheth ◽  
Andrew P. Prescot ◽  
Margaret Legarreta ◽  
Perry F. Renshaw ◽  
Erin McGlade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study ◽  
History Of

In this study of veterans, we used a state-of-the-art neuroimaging tool to probe the neurometabolic profile of the anterior cingulate cortex in veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We report significantly elevated myoinositol levels in veterans with TBI compared with those without TBI.

scholarly journals Metabolite activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during a painful stimulus using functional MRS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Archibald ◽  
E. L. MacMillan ◽  
C. Graf ◽  
P. Kozlowski ◽  
C. Laule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract To understand neurochemical brain responses to pain, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is used in humans in vivo to examine various metabolites. Recent MRS investigations have adopted a functional approach, where acquisitions of MRS are performed over time to track task-related changes. Previous studies suggest glutamate is of primary interest, as it may play a role during cortical processing of noxious stimuli. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effect (i.e., glutamate) in the anterior cingulate cortex during noxious stimulation using fMRS. The analysis addressed changes in glutamate and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) associated with the onset of pain, and the degree by which fluctuations in metabolites corresponded with continuous pain outcomes. Results suggest healthy participants undergoing tonic noxious stimulation demonstrated increased concentrations of glutamate and Glx at the onset of pain. Subsequent reports of pain were not accompanied by corresponding changes in glutamate of Glx concentrations. An exploratory analysis on sex revealed large effect size changes in glutamate at pain onset in female participants, compared with medium-sized effects in male participants. We propose a role for glutamate in the ACC related to the detection of a noxious stimulus.

A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a 3-Tesla Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) System: The Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the Left Cerebellum

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Ito ◽  
Kenji Mori ◽  
Masafumi Harada ◽  
Sonoka Hisaoka ◽  
Yoshihiro Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

The pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate metabolite concentration ratios in the anterior cingulate cortex and left cerebellum in ASD. In the ACC and left cerebellum studies, the ASD group and intelligence quotient- and age-matched control group consisted of 112 and 114 subjects and 65 and 45 subjects, respectively. In the ASD group, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)+/ creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) was significantly decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex, and glutamate (Glu)/Cr was significantly increased and GABA+/Cr was significantly decreased in the left cerebellum compared to those in the control group. In addition, both groups showed negative correlations between Glu/Cr and GABA+/Cr in the left cerebellum, and positive correlations between GABA+/Cr in the anterior cingulate cortex and left cerebellum. ASD subjects have hypoGABAergic alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex and hyperglutamatergic/hypoGABAergic alterations in the left cerebellum.

scholarly journals A review of altered biochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex of first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Squarcina ◽  
J. A. Stanley ◽  
M. Bellani ◽  
C. A. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Relevant biochemicals of the brain can be quantified in vivo, non-invasively, using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H MRS). This includes metabolites associated with neural general functioning, energetics, membrane phospholipid metabolism and neurotransmission. Moreover, there is substantial evidence of implication of the frontal and prefrontal areas in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in cognitive control of emotional and non-emotional processes. Thus the study of its extent of biochemistry dysfunction in the early stages of psychosis is of particular interest in gaining a greater understanding of its aetiology. In this review, we selected ¹H MRS studies focused on the ACC of first-episode psychosis (FEP). Four studies reported increased glutamatergic levels in FEP, while other four showed preserved concentrations. Moreover, findings on FEP do not fully mirror those in chronic patients. Due to conflicting findings, larger longitudinal ¹H MRS studies are expected to further explore glutamatergic neurotransmission in ACC of FEP in order to have a better understanding of the glutamatergic mechanisms underlying psychosis, possibly using ultra high field MR scanners.

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