Carfilzomib (CFZ): A Novel Proteasome Inhibitor That Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Death In Rituximab-Chemotherapy Resistant Lymphoma and Potentiates the Anti-Tumor Activity of Chemotherapeutic Agents

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4908-4908
Author(s):  
Juan Gu ◽  
Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri ◽  
Gregory P. Kaufman ◽  
Cory Mavis ◽  
Myron S. Czuczman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Abstract Abstract 4908 Rituximab-chemotherapy relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas represent an emerging clinical challenge that underlies the need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system using bortezomib (BTZ) has resulted in significant anti-tumor activity and potentiates the effects of chemotherapy/biologic agents in multiple myeloma, and to a lesser degree, B-cell lymphoma. CFZ is as a novel proteasome inhibitor which is selective and structurally distinct from BTZ. In an attempt to characterize the biological activity of CFZ, we evaluated its anti-tumor activity in several lymphoma pre-clinical models. Rituximab-chemotherapy sensitive cell lines (RSCL), rituximab-chemotherapy resistant cell lines (RRCL), as well as primary tumor cells derived from patients with de novo or relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma, were exposed to escalating doses of CFZ or BTZ (1-7.5nM) alone or in combination with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, or gemcitabine for 24, 48 and 72hours. Cell viability was determined by cell titer glow luminescent assay and cell cycle was analyzed by FASCan DNA methodology. Patient-derived lymphoma cells were isolated from fresh biopsy tissue via negative selection using magnetic beads. Western blots were performed using cell lysates from CFZ, BTZ or control-treated cells to detect PARP-cleavage and/or changes in Bcl-2 family members. CFZ was more active than BTZ and exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxicity against RSCL, RRCL, and primary tumor cells. We found a 10-fold concentration difference between CFZ and BTZ activity. In vitro exposure of RRCL or RSCL to CFZ resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, CFZ exposure resulted in the up-regulation of Bak and Noxa levels and subsequent PARP cleavage in RRCL. Finally, CFZ demonstrated the ability to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in RRCL and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. In summary, our data strongly suggest that CFZ is a novel and potent proteasome inhibitor which is able to: overcome resistance to some conventional chemotherapeutic agents, upregulate proapoptotic proteins to enhance cell death, and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in lymphoma cells. Our preclinical data supports future clinical evaluation of CFZ in patients with refractory B-cell lymphoma. (Supported by USPHS grant R01 CA136907-01A1 from the National Cancer Institute). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

MLN2238, a Novel and Potent Proteasome Inhibitor, Induces Caspase-Dependent Cell Death, Cell-Cycle Arrest, and Potentiates the Anti-Tumor Activity of Chemotherapy Agents In Rituximab-Chemotherapy Sensitive or Resistant B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3939-3939
Author(s):  
Juan Gu ◽  
Patil Ritesh ◽  
Cory Mavis ◽  
George Deeb ◽  
John Gibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Abstract Abstract 3939 The use of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib (BTZ) has generated much excitement as a potential therapeutic approach capable of effectively treating resistant/refractory lymphoid neoplasm. Clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma demonstrate that these novel agents can overcome resistance demonstrated by a lack of antitumor activity to traditional salvage chemotherapeutic agents. Our group of investigators have demonstrated that proteasome inhibition using BTZ can increase pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member expression and restore chemotherapy sensitivity in rituximab-chemotherapy resistant cell lines (RRCL). To further develop therapeutic strategies targeting the proteasome system, we studied the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms-of-action of MLN2238, a novel irreversible proteasome inhibitor, in pre-clinical lymphoma models. Experiments were conducted in rituximab-chemotherapy sensitive cell lines (RSCL), RRCL, and in tumor cells derived from patients with de novo or relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. Cells were exposed in vitro and/or ex vivo to escalating doses of MLN2238 or BTZ (0.1-10nM) +/− caspase inhibitors (zVAD-fmk or Q-VD-OPh) for 24, 48 and 72h. Differences in mitochondrial potential and cell proliferation were determined by alamar blue reduction using a kinetic assay; changes in ATP content (apoptosis) were determined using the Cell Titer Glow assay. Effects on cell cycle were analyzed by the FASCan DNA method. In addition, lymphoma cells were exposed to MLN2238 or BTZ +/− doxorubicin, gemcitabine or paclitaxel and cell viability was evaluated as described above. In vitro, MLN2238 exhibited more potent concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell proliferation in RSCL, RRCL, as well as primary lymphoma cells than BTZ. In vitro exposure of RSCL and RRCL to MLN2238 potentiated the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel and overcame the acquired resistance to chemotherapy drugs in RRCL in a dose-dependent manner. Co-incubation of RSCL with bortezomib, or MLN2232 and either pan-caspase inhibitor led to a significant decrease in BTZ- or MLN2232-induced cell death. In contrast, neither zVAD-fmk nor Q-VD-OPh was capable of blocking BTZ- or MLN2232-induced cell death of RRCL. Our data suggest that BTZ and MLN2238 are also capable of inducing caspase-independent cell death in RRCL. To this regard, we found differences that RRCL are more likely to be in S phase in resting conditions when compared to RSCL. In vitro exposure of RRCL cells to MLN2232 (and to a much lesser degree BTZ) reduced RRCL S-phase and induced arrest at G2/M phase. Collectively, these data suggest that MLN2238 is a potent proteasome inhibitor active in rituximab-chemotherapy sensitive or resistant cell models and potentiates the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy agents. MLN2232 appears to posses several mechanisms-of-action (induction of apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest) and has the potential of becoming a novel and potent target-specific therapeutic agent in the future treatment of therapy-resistant B-cell lymphoma. (Research, in part, supported by a NIH grant R01 CA136907-01A1 awarded to Roswell Park Cancer Institute). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Cell cycle arrest induced by engagement of B7-H4 on Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoma cell lines

Immunology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga Bin Park ◽  
Hyunkeun Song ◽  
Yeong-Seok Kim ◽  
Minjung Sung ◽  
Jeoung W. Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Epstein Barr

The Bioactive Polyphenol Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) In Human Apolipoprotein A-1 Nanodisks Enhances Apoptosis and G1 Cell Cycle Arrest In Mantle Cell Lymphoma Compared with Free Curcumin

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3934-3934
Author(s):  
Amareshwar T.K. Singh ◽  
Mistuni Ghosh ◽  
C. Shad Thaxton ◽  
Trudy M. Forte ◽  
Robert O. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Abstract 3934 Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a pre–germinal center neoplasm characterized by cyclin D1 overexpression resulting from translocation of the cyclin D1 gene on 11q13 to the promoter of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on 14q32. Since MCL is incurable with standard lymphoma therapies, new treatment approaches are needed that target specific biologic pathways. The bioactive polyphenol curcumin (Curc), derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn, has been shown to have pleiotropic activities related to its complex chemistry and its influence on multiple signaling pathways including NF-kB, Akt, Nrf2 and pathways involved in metastasis and angiogenesis. Curc has been shown to cause growth arrest and apoptosis of BKS-2 immature B-cell lymphoma by downregulating growth and survival promoting genes (Clin Immunol 1999; 93:152). However, because of poor aqueous solubility Curc has had limited clinical utility, so investigators have explored nanoparticle drug delivery approaches (J Nanobiotech 2007, 5:3, MCT 2010; 9:2255). We reasoned that effective and targeted drug delivery by nanoparticles required appropriate receptors to facilitate binding. We therefore screened lymphoma cell lines for receptors that recognize apolipoprotein (apo) A-1. We hypothesized that a novel discoidal nanoparticle (ND) consisting of apoA-1, phospholipid and Curc (Curc ND) would bind to such receptors to facilitate drug delivery. Methods: We compared biologic activity of free Curc vs. Curc-ND in MCL cell lines expressing receptors for apoA-1. Cell lines were grown and maintained in culture, treated, and apoptosis and cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry. Relevant signaling intermediates and presence of apoA-1 receptors were measured by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Results: Granta and Jeko cells (both MCL cell lines) expressed apoA-1 receptors including class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter of the sub-family G1 (ABCG1). To compare the pro-apoptotic effect of free Curc and Curc-ND, Granta cells were incubated with free Curc, Curc-ND, empty ND, and medium alone (untreated). Compared to medium alone, empty ND had no effect while free Curc (20 μM) induced apoptosis. Curc-ND produced a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis, with ∼70% apoptosis at 20 μM. To investigate the mechanism of Curc-ND induced apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins were studied in cultured Granta cells. A time-dependent decrease in caspase-9 levels was observed following incubation with Curc-ND or free Curc. The decrease in caspase-9 seen with Curc-ND, however, occurs much earlier (between 2–4 h of incubation) than for free-Curc. Caspase-3 was undetectable after 16 h with either treatment. Loss of this band implies activation of caspase-3, which was confirmed by PARP cleavage, wherein a decrease in the 116 kD band was accompanied by an increase in the 85 kD cleavage product. Unlike free Curc, Curc-ND induced PARP cleavage even at 16 h of incubation, suggesting sustained drug release. Curc-ND downregulated cyclin D1, decreased Akt phosphorylation and enhanced cleavage of caspases-9 and -3, and PARP. In addition, Curc-ND induced G1 cell cycle arrest to a greater extent than free Curc in Granta and Jeko cells (Granta: Control 34% G1, Curc 37% G1, Curc-ND 46% G1; Jeko: Control 39% G1, Curc 49% G1, Curc-ND 54% G1). Conclusion: We have shown that the MCL cell lines Granta and Jeko express apoA-1 receptors, making them likely targets for discoidal nanoscale delivery vehicles stabilized with Apo-A1. These nanodisks, when carrying the polyphenol Curc, can result in increased caspase -dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, downregulation of cyclin-D1 and decreased p-Akt. These data suggest that the pleiotropic polyphenol Curc has cell killing/arrest activity in MCL and that Curc-ND may be a potential therapeutic with drug targeting ability. Disclosures: Forte: Lypro Biosciences: Employment.

scholarly journals SYK inhibition and response prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (24) ◽  
pp. 6342-6352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhua Cheng ◽  
Greg Coffey ◽  
X. Hannah Zhang ◽  
Rita Shaknovich ◽  
Zibo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Bcr Signaling ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the role of SYK in its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Using tissue microarray, we demonstrated for the first time that SYK protein is activated in 27 of 61 (44%) primary human DLBCL tissues. Among DLBCL cell lines, 7 were sensitive and 3 were resistant to a highly specific SYK inhibitor, PRT060318. In sensitive DLBCL cells, SYK inhibition blocked the G1-S transition and caused cell-cycle arrest. This effect was reproduced by genetic reduction of SYK using siRNA. A detailed analysis of the BCR signaling pathways revealed that the consequence of SYK inhibition on PLCγ2 and AKT, as opposed to ERK1/2, was responsible for cell-cycle arrest. Genetic knock-down of these key molecules decelerated the proliferation of lymphoma cells. In addition, BCR signaling can be blocked by PRT060318 in primary lymphoma cells. Together, these findings provide insights into cellular pathways required for lymphoma cell growth and support the rationale for considering SYK inhibition as a potentially useful therapy for DLBCL. The results further suggest the possibility of using PLCγ2 and AKT as biomarkers to predict therapeutic response in prospective clinical trials of specific SYK inhibitors.

Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1359-1359
Author(s):  
Ana A Tula-Sanchez ◽  
Aaron Havas ◽  
Peter Alonge ◽  
Mary E Klein ◽  
Taralyn Y Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Cycle Arrest

Abstract Abstract 1359 Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) throughout the world. DLBCL is an aggressive, heterogeneous disease with two major recognized cell-of-origin subtypes: “germinal center” (GCB) and “activated B-cell like” (ABC), the latter having the worse prognosis. Overall, DLBCL remains fatal for about 30% patients due to relapse or lack of response to initial therapy. Resistant/relapsed DLBCL patients could benefit from the addition of new promising antiproliferative drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), to current chemotherapy regimens. So far, Vorinostat and Romidepsin, two structurally different HDACIs, have been approved for the treatment of hematological cancers. Despite their proven antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic effects, response to these drugs against DLBCL in clinical trials have been variable, ranging from complete/partial responses to stable disease to no response. The mechanisms of action of these drugs are still poorly understood, mainly because the function of their target deacetylases are cell context-specific. Therefore, characterization of the specific anticancer mechanisms of action of HDACIs in DLBCL could potentially lead to development of novel combinatorial drug regimens effective against resistant/relapsed DLBCL patients. To define HDACI action in DLBCL, we treated DLBCL-derived cell lines with PXD101, (Belinostat); a hydroxamate HDACI, like Vorinostat. We demonstrated that PXD101 is able to produce 24h growth inhibition (IC50) at submicromolar concentrations regardless of the DLBCL subtype. The 24h IC50values were used in all the subsequent experiments. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry indicated that PXD101 produces cytotoxic effects on two of the GCB cell lines; DB and OCILY19 underwent G2/M cell cycle arrest at 24 hours followed by apoptosis at 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Immunoblotting of PARP and caspase-3 cleavage further confirmed apoptosis. More importantly, when cells were treated for only 8 hours with PXD101 and then the drug was removed for 24 hours, cells showed apoptosis rates similar to those observed with 48h of continuous treatment; suggesting that once that these cell lines are exposed to the drug they rapidly commit to cell death. Thus, we have classified the DB and OCILY19 cell lines as models for sensitivity to the apoptotic effects of HDACI. In contrast, PXD101 induced cytostatic effects on the GCB cell line SUDHL4 and ABC cell lines U2932 and SUDHL8. All three cell lines showed G1 phase cell cycle arrest with little apoptosis. The G1 arrest is reversible after 48 hours of drug removal. Because of the lack of cell death and the reversibility of cell cycle arrest, we have classified these cell lines as models of HDACI resistance. Previous studies have shown that induction of p21 is responsible for G1 arrest in cells treated with HDACIs. Western blot analysis showed that none of the cell lines, except U2932, express p21, but upon PXD101, p21 protein levels were induced at 24, 48 and 72 hours of PXD101 treatment in SUDHL4 and U2932. In contrast, p21 was induced to a lesser extent in OCILY19 and DB, but its expression was not sustained beyond 24 hours of treatment. Since we also observed a corresponding loss in Rb phosphorylation, we tested the effect of PXD101 on cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity. This enzyme complex is responsible for entry into S phase and is inhibited by association with p21. In all three resistant cell lines CDK2 activity was reduced after only 24 hours of treatment with PXD101. The loss in activity was correlated with increased association with p21, as determined by immunoprecipitation. These results indicate that sustained upregulation of p21 by HDACIs such as PXD101 plays a role in bringing about G1 arrest that may protect DLBCL cells from apoptosis. Combined treatment with therapeutics that prevent p21 upregulation and G1 arrest may work synergistically with HDACIs to trigger apoptosis in HDACI-resistant cell lines. To that end, we have begun analysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol, and have shown that it prevents both p21 upregulation and G1 arrest in the HDACi-resistant DLBCL cell lines. Studies to measure synergism with PXD101 in bringing about cell death are currently underway. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The therapeutic effectiveness of 177Lu-lilotomab in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma involves modulation of G2/M cell cycle arrest

Leukemia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1315-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pichard ◽  
Sara Marcatili ◽  
Jihad Karam ◽  
Julie Constanzo ◽  
Riad Ladjohounlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Cycle Arrest

AbstractSome patients with B-cell non-Hodkin lymphoma Lymphoma (NHL) become refractory to rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) therapy associated with chemotherapy. Here, the effect of the anti-CD37 antibody-radionuclide conjugate lutetium-177 (177Lu)-lilotomab (Betalutin®) was investigated in preclinical models of NHL. In SCID mice bearing DOHH2 (transformed follicular lymphoma, FL) cell xenografts, 177Lu-lilotomab significantly delayed tumor growth, even at low activity (100 MBq/kg). In athymic mice bearing OCI-Ly8 (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL) or Ramos (Burkitt’s lymphoma) cell xenografts, 177Lu-lilotomab activity had to be increased to 500 MBq/kg to show a significant tumor growth delay. Clonogenic and proliferation assays showed that DOHH2 cells were highly sensitive to 177Lu-lilotomab, while Ramos cells were the least sensitive, and U2932 (DLBCL), OCI-Ly8, and Rec-1 (mantle cell lymphoma) cells displayed intermediate sensitivity. The strong 177Lu-lilotomab cytotoxicity observed in DOHH2 cells correlated with reduced G2/M cell cycle arrest, lower WEE-1- and MYT-1-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1), and higher apoptosis. In agreement, 177Lu-lilotomab efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in patient samples was increased when combined with G2/M cell cycle arrest inhibitors (MK-1775 and PD-166285). These results indicate that 177Lu-lilotomab is particularly efficient in treating tumors with reduced inhibitory CDK1 phosphorylation, such as transformed FL.

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