scholarly journals Granulocyte Kinetic Studies in Patients with Proliferative Disorders of the Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALVIN M. MAUER ◽  
THOMAS JARROLD
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Granulocyte ◽  
Uniform Population

Abstract Granulocyte kinetic studies with DFP32 were done in four patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, three patients with polycythemia vera, one patient with essential thrombocythemia, and one patient with persistent, unexplained granulocytosis. The increased blood granulocyte concentration found in the patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and unexplained granulocytosis was at least in part the result of increased granulocyte production. Precise calculations of granulocyte pool sizes and turnover rates in the patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were not possible because of unresolved problems related to the non-uniform population of myeloid cells in the blood of these patients. However, within the limitations of the method, a greater number of myeloid cells were turned over per day through blood than in normal subjects. The findings support the concept that a widespread disorder of marrow proliferation exists in chronic myelocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Labeling With 51Chromium. II. Leukocyte Kinetics in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. SCOTT ◽  
ROBERT MCMILLAN ◽  
J. GARY DAVIDSON ◽  
JOSEPH V. MARINO
Keyword(s):  
Counting Rate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Granulocyte ◽  
Leukocyte Labeling ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Abstract Sequential or simultaneous leukocyte kinetic studies using radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate and radiochromate (51Cr) yielded similar or identical blood leukocyte disappearance curves in seven patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Body surface 51Cr counting regularly showed a rise in the spleen counting rate during the first hours after infusions of granulocyte populations of mixed maturity. Epinephrine-induced leukocytosis was associated with a fall in the spleen counting rate, lesser decreases over the liver and marrow, rises in the heart and lung counting rates, and an unchanged blood leukocyte disappearance curve. These changes are consistent with the mobilization by epinephrine of a marginal granulocyte pool (MGP), which is largely localized in the spleen and is in equilibrium with the circulating pool. Immature CML granulocyte fractions were cleared from the blood more rapidly than mixed cell populations. The immature cells failed to equilibrate with the splenic MGP, and instead accumulated in the marrow and later recirculated into the blood as mature cells. These findings indicate that the delayed and variably contoured blood granulocyte disappearance curves found in CML are composites resulting from the recirculation of immature granulocytes in the presence of an enlarged total blood pool of mature cells.

scholarly journals Co60 Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity of Human Leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEO M. MEYER ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE ◽  
INEZ F. MILLER ◽  
CLAIRE W MULZAC ◽  
IRVING JONES
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nonspecific Binding ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Neutrophilic Leukocytes

Abstract 1. Mature neutrophilic leukocytes show the highest Co60B12 binding capacity. 2. Less mature granulocytes, "blast" forms and eosinophils have little or no Co60B12 binding capacity. 3. Disintegrated mature leukocytes from chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera show higher B12 binding capacity than intact cells. 4. Mature leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera show a two-phase B12 curve suggesting specific and nonspecific binding, similar to that observed in human serum. 5. Disintegration products from mature neutrophilic leukocytes probably contribute largely to increased B12 binding capacity of serum in chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera.

scholarly journals Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML): failure to detect residual normal committed stem cells in vitro

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Singer ◽  
PJ Fialkow ◽  
L Steinmann ◽  
V Najfeld ◽  
SJ Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Type A ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorder ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Type B ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia

Abstract Granulocytic colonies grown in culture from marrow and peripheral blood from five patients with Ph1-positive CML and heterozygous at the G-6-PD locus were analyzed for G-6-PD in order to identify CFU-C that do not arise from the CML clone. The patients had both B and A enzymes in normal tissues, but their CML clones typed as B. Whereas about 50% of colonies from normal subjects heterozygous as the G-6-PD locus show type-A G-6-PD and 50% type B, only two of the 1308 colonies from the CML patients had type-A G-6-PD. These data provide little evidence for persistence of normal committed stem cells in CML, a finding in contrast to that made previously in polycythemia vera, another clonal stem cell myeloproliferative disorder.

scholarly journals The Kinetics of Intravenously Injected Radioactive Vitamin B12: Studies on Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia and Pernicious Anemia

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE A. BRODY ◽  
SOLOMON ESTREN ◽  
LOUIS R. WASSERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Total Gastrectomy ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Malabsorption Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia

Abstract 1. Studies of the fate of intravenously injected radioactive vitamin B12 have been performed in patients with normal, low and high serum concentrations of vitamin B12. 2. Abnormal plasma disappearance curves were noted in chronic myelocytic leukemia, pernicious anemia in relapse and in remission, total gastrectomy and malabsorption syndrome. 3. In chronic myelocytic leukemia, the slow clearance of plasma radioactivity may be explained by the increased binding capacity of the plasma proteins for vitamin B12. 4. Plasma clearance of radioactivity is slower than normal in pernicious anemia, even in remission. The failure of the disappearance curve to return to normal in pernicious anemia in complete remission suggests the existence of a plasma "B12-transferase," whose function is to transfer circulating B12 to the tissues. The disappearance curves suggest that the amount of such "B12-transferase" is diminished in pernicious anemia, total gastrectomy and certain Cases of malabsorption syndrome. 5. A relationship between a hypothetical "B12-transferase" and intrinsic factor is discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical Studies in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia, Polycythemia Vera and Other Idiopathic Myeloproliferative Disorders

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
WILLIAM S. BECK ◽  
JAMES H. FOLLETTE ◽  
HAROLD MILLS ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Biochemical Studies

scholarly journals The Plasma Clearance and Urinary Excretion of Parenterally Administered 58Co B12

Blood ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. MOLLIN ◽  
W. R. PITNEY ◽  
S. J. BAKER ◽  
J. E. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Abstract Intravenous injections of 1.5 µg. of 58Co B12 were given to subjects with normal serum B12 concentrations, to patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and to patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. The rate of plasma clearance of radioactivity after this dose was slowest in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and patients with pernicious anemia in severe relapse. In patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, serum B12 concentrations were estimated microbiologically at frequent intervals after the injection. There was a good correlation between the results obtained by microbiological assay and as calculated from plasma radioactivity. Significant differences were not observed between the urinary excretion of radioactivity by normal subjects and patients with B12 deficiency.

scholarly journals Identification of the Vitamin B12-Binding Protein in the Serum of Normals and of Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. MENDELSOHN ◽  
DONALD M. WATKIN ◽  
ANN P. HORBETT ◽  
JOHN L. FAHEY
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism

Abstract Vitamin B12-binding proteins in the serum of normal subjects and of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia have been compared. The in-vivo-bound B12 was utilized to identify the binding protein. Column protein chromatography and block and paper electrophoresis were employed individually and in combination to characterize the B12-binding protein. B12 was found to be bound primarily to an alpha-l globulin in both normal individuals and in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. No qualitative difference was found in these proteins. The increased amounts of B12-binding protein in the serum of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia would seem to be attributable to abnormal metabolism of the same protein that binds B12 in normal serum.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE HISTAMINE CONTENT OF BLOOD, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEUKEMIA, LEUKEMOID REACTIONS AND LEUKOCYTOSES

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
MORTON LEE PEARCE ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Histamine Content ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Myeloid Leukocytes ◽  
Marked Tendency

Abstract The literature concerning blood histamine has been reviewed, including the evidence that the incorporation of histamine within the myeloid leukocytes may be one of the metabolic functions of myelopoiesis. Data are presented on the histamine content of blood in normal subjects and in subjects with acute leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, erythremia, and with leukocytoses or leukemoid reactions of other etiologies. The changing relationships of total blood histamine to unit myeloid cell histamine in subjects receiving irradiation therapy for chronic myelocytic leukemia are also presented. The data indicate that total blood histamine in chronic myelocytic leukemia is usually very high in comparison to normal, that the values in erythremia show a definite but less marked tendency in the same direction, while the values in leukocytoses of other etiology are, with few exceptions, normal or low. The blood histamine per million myeloid cells is, on the average, about twice normal in subjects with chronic myelocytic leukemia, within the normal range or a little low in erythremia, and very low on the average in the group of leukocytoses studied. The suggestion is tentatively made that an aberration in this metabolic process (histamine incorporation within myeloid leukocytes) may be an inherent component of chronic myelocytic leukemia, whereas in physiologic leukocytoses and leukemoid reactions this is not the case.

scholarly journals Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML): failure to detect residual normal committed stem cells in vitro

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
JW Singer ◽  
PJ Fialkow ◽  
L Steinmann ◽  
V Najfeld ◽  
SJ Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Type A ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorder ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Type B ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia

Granulocytic colonies grown in culture from marrow and peripheral blood from five patients with Ph1-positive CML and heterozygous at the G-6-PD locus were analyzed for G-6-PD in order to identify CFU-C that do not arise from the CML clone. The patients had both B and A enzymes in normal tissues, but their CML clones typed as B. Whereas about 50% of colonies from normal subjects heterozygous as the G-6-PD locus show type-A G-6-PD and 50% type B, only two of the 1308 colonies from the CML patients had type-A G-6-PD. These data provide little evidence for persistence of normal committed stem cells in CML, a finding in contrast to that made previously in polycythemia vera, another clonal stem cell myeloproliferative disorder.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chromosome Constitution in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia and Other Myeloproliferative Disorders

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVERY A. SANDBERG ◽  
TAKAAKI ISHIHARA ◽  
LOIS H. CROSSWHITE ◽  
THEODORE S. HAUSCHKA
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chromosome Abnormality ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Metaplasia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Karyotypic Abnormality ◽  
Blastic Phase ◽  
Group Chromosome

Abstract The frequency of the Ph1 chromosome in freshly aspirated marrow cells of 14 patients with typical chronic myelocytic leukemia processed by a "direct technic" without resort to culture or colchicine was significantly higher (> 75 per cent) than that observed in the cultured blood cells (< 35 per cent) of the same subjects. The karyotypic abnormally of the abbreviated G-group chromosome would appear not to be related to therapy, since the frequency with which it occurred was not materially affected by treatment (including radiation). The Ph1 chromosome was not observed in any of the metaphases of blood or marrow of 12 subjects who had developed a leukemia-like picture complicating either myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera or myeloid metaplasia. A new chromosome abnormality—a shortened D-group chromosome—was observed with about the same frequency in the blood and marrow metaphases of a female patient with treated chronic myelocytic leukemia. This new karyotypic abnormality was associated with the highest frequency of the Ph1 chromosome in cultured blood cells in the group studied. The Ph1 chromosome was observed in the metaphases of a patient with the blastic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. The variations of the morphology of the Ph1 chromosome are discussed and illustrated, especially in relation to the Y-chromosome. In four patients with an atypical picture of CML, the Ph1 chromosome was not observed either in the marrow or cultured blood.

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