scholarly journals Protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A alter cell shape and F-actin distribution and inhibit stimulus-dependent increases in cytoskeletal actin of human neutrophils

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kreienbuhl ◽  
H Keller ◽  
V Niggli
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Actin Localization ◽  
Shape Changes

The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A were found to elicit or to modify several neutrophil responses, suggesting that dephosphorylation plays a regulatory role. The concentrations of okadaic acid (> or = 1 mumol/L) that were effective on neutrophil functions (shape changes and marginal stimulation of pinocytosis) were shown to stimulate the incorporation of 32PO4 into many neutrophil proteins several-fold. Calyculin A was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations. In the presence of the inhibitors, the cells exhibited a nonpolar shape and the polarization response induced by chemotactic peptide was inhibited. Both phosphatase inhibitors also induced the association of F-actin with the cell membrane. A steady-state phosphatase activity is thus involved in maintaining shape and F-actin localization of resting cells. Inhibitors alone had no significant effect on the amount of cytoskeleton-associated actin. The increase in cytoskeletal actin observed at 30 minutes of stimulation with phorbol ester or 5 to 30 minutes of stimulation with chemotactic peptide, however, was abolished by okadaic acid or calyculin A, suggesting an important role of a phosphatase. In contrast, the early increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin observed at 1 minute of stimulation with peptide was not affected. This finding indicates that the increased association of actin with the cytoskeleton in the early and the later stages of neutrophil activation may be mediated by different signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A alter cell shape and F-actin distribution and inhibit stimulus-dependent increases in cytoskeletal actin of human neutrophils

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kreienbuhl ◽  
H Keller ◽  
V Niggli
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Actin Localization ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A were found to elicit or to modify several neutrophil responses, suggesting that dephosphorylation plays a regulatory role. The concentrations of okadaic acid (> or = 1 mumol/L) that were effective on neutrophil functions (shape changes and marginal stimulation of pinocytosis) were shown to stimulate the incorporation of 32PO4 into many neutrophil proteins several-fold. Calyculin A was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations. In the presence of the inhibitors, the cells exhibited a nonpolar shape and the polarization response induced by chemotactic peptide was inhibited. Both phosphatase inhibitors also induced the association of F-actin with the cell membrane. A steady-state phosphatase activity is thus involved in maintaining shape and F-actin localization of resting cells. Inhibitors alone had no significant effect on the amount of cytoskeleton-associated actin. The increase in cytoskeletal actin observed at 30 minutes of stimulation with phorbol ester or 5 to 30 minutes of stimulation with chemotactic peptide, however, was abolished by okadaic acid or calyculin A, suggesting an important role of a phosphatase. In contrast, the early increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin observed at 1 minute of stimulation with peptide was not affected. This finding indicates that the increased association of actin with the cytoskeleton in the early and the later stages of neutrophil activation may be mediated by different signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Chemotactic peptide down-regulation of calcium mobilization induced by platelet-activating factor and by leukotriene B4 in human neutrophils is uncovered by protein phosphatase inhibitors

1994 ◽  
Vol 303 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montero ◽  
J Garcia-Sancho ◽  
J Alverez
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Plasma Membrane Receptors

When human neutrophils were incubated in the presence of the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A or okadaic acid, the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) produced a sustained (> 5 min) inhibition of the Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) or by leukotriene B4 (LTB4). No effect on Ca2+ mobilization by PAF or LTB4 was observed 2 min after the addition of fMLP alone or only in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors, but a similar inhibition was produced by high (> 50 nM) concentrations of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB). However, inhibition by PDB was sensitive to the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors staurosporin and Ro 31-8220, while inhibition by fMLP and calyculin A was not. These results suggest that fMLP induces a transient phosphorylation not mediated by PKC which interferes at some point with the transduction pathway leading from the plasma membrane receptors for PAF and LTB4 to the release of Ca2+ from the stores. Protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A revert the inhibition effected by fMLP within less than 2 min. PAF and LTB4 were also able to activate this mechanism to a smaller extent. Phosphatase inhibitors also delayed by 1-2 s the start of agonist-induced rises in [Ca2+]i, and this delay was further increased by previous addition of any other agonist. Finally, given that both phosphatase inhibitors and low concentrations of PDB (2-10 nM) strongly inhibit Ca2+ entry, we conclude that phosphorylation down-regulates both agonist-induced Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ mobilization, but with different potency.

Multiple apoptotic death types triggered through activation of separate pathways by cAMP and inhibitors of protein phosphatases in one (IPC leukemia) cell line

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3363-3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Gjertsen ◽  
L.I. Cressey ◽  
S. Ruchaud ◽  
G. Houge ◽  
M. Lanotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Apoptotic Death ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Rrna Cleavage

The protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A at moderate concentrations induced three types of apoptotic promyelocytic leukemia cell death, distinct with respect to ultrastructure and polynucleotide fragmentation. Calyculin A at higher concentrations (> 50 nM) induced a non-apoptotic death type with high ATP and pronounced micromitochondriosis. This suggests that protein phosphorylation pathways are involved in the triggering of several death pathways. Activation of the cAMP kinase induced yet another apoptotic death type, preferentially affecting cells in S-phase. In fact, cAMP acted in two ways to stop IPC promyelocyte proliferation: (1) block in late G1 (preventing new cells from entering DNA replication); and (2) induction of apoptosis in S-phase. cAMP and phosphatase inhibitors acted via distinct pathways. The inhibitors suppressed cAMP-induced death, but only at concentrations high enough to commit the cells to alternative, less conspicuous death types. The tumor-promoting activity of okadaic acid and calyculin A may therefore not be by protection against apoptosis. DNA fragmentation correlated with the novel feature of limited 28 S rRNA cleavage, suggesting co-ordinated polynucleotide cleavage, possibly directed against illegitimate polynucleotides, in some apoptotic death types.

Regulation of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase by the tumor promoters and protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. R. Hurta ◽  
Jim A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleotide Reductase ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Tumor Promoters ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Ribonucleotide Reductase Activity

A rapid elevation of ribonucleotide reductase activity was observed with BALB c/3T3 fibroblasts treated with 10 nM okadaic acid, a nonphorbol ester tumor promoter and protein phosphatase inhibitor. Northern blot analysis of the two components of ribonucleotide reductase (R1 and R2) showed a marked elevation of R1 and R2 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis with R1 and R2 specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the increase in ribonucleotide reductase activity was primarily due to the elevation of the R2 rather than the R1 protein during treatment with okadaic acid. The okadaic acid induced elevations in R1 and R2 message levels occurred without a detectable change in the proportion of cells in S phase and were blocked by treatment of cells with actinomycin D, indicating the importance of the reductase transcriptional process in responding to the action of okadaic acid. Furthermore, down-regulation of protein kinase C with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate pretreatment abrogated the okadaic acid mediated elevation of ribonucleotide reductase mRNAs, consistent with the involvement of this signal pathway in the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase and the effects of okadaic acid. Treatment of cells with 2.5 nM calyculin A, another non-phorbol ester tumor promoter and protein phosphatase inhibitor, resulted in a rapid elevation of both R1 and R2 mRNA levels within 10 min of treatment. This first demonstration that the non-phorbol ester tumor promoters and protein phosphatase inhibitors can cause rapid alterations in ribonucleotide reductase gene expression suggests that (i) ribonucleotide reductase, particularly the R2 component, plays a fundamental role in the critical early events involved in the process of tumor promotion, and (ii) illustrates a role for cellular protein phosphatases in the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase and, through this process, the regulation of DNA synthesis.Key words: ribonucleotide reductase, DNA synthesis, okadaic acid, calyculin A, tumor promoter, protein phosphatase.

scholarly journals Effects of the Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A on Insulin Release from Rat Pancreatic Islets.

1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATSUO TAMAGAWA ◽  
AKIHISA IGUCHI ◽  
KAZUMASA UEMURA ◽  
HISAYUKI MIURA ◽  
KATSUNORI NONOGAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Rat Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors

scholarly journals Colorimetric Immuno-Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay for Specific Detection of Microcystins and Nodularins of Cyanobacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Metcalf ◽  
Steven G. Bell ◽  
Geoffrey A. Codd
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibition ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibition

ABSTRACT A novel immunoassay was developed for specific detection of cyanobacterial cyclic peptide hepatotoxins which inhibit protein phosphatases. Immunoassay methods currently used for microcystin and nodularin detection and analysis do not provide information on the toxicity of microcystin and/or nodularin variants. Furthermore, protein phosphatase inhibition-based assays for these toxins are not specific and respond to other environmental protein phosphatase inhibitors, such as okadaic acid, calyculin A, and tautomycin. We addressed the problem of specificity in the analysis of protein phosphatase inhibitors by combining immunoassay-based detection of the toxins with a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition system in a single assay, designated the colorimetric immuno-protein phosphatase inhibition assay (CIPPIA). Polyclonal antibodies against microcystin-LR were used in conjunction with protein phosphatase inhibition, which enabled seven purified microcystin variants (microcystin-LR, -D-Asp3-RR, -LA, -LF, -LY, -LW, and -YR) and nodularin to be distinguished from okadaic acid, calyculin A, and tautomycin. A range of microcystin- and nodularin-containing laboratory strains and environmental samples of cyanobacteria were assayed by CIPPIA, and the results showed good correlation (R 2 = 0.94, P< 0.00001) with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection for toxin analysis. The CIPPIA procedure combines ease of use and detection of low concentrations with toxicity assessment and specificity for analysis of microcystins and nodularins.

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