A fluid secretion assay using nasal organoids

Summary Background The most frequent abdominal surgery performed for benign disease in females of fertile age is appendectomy, which remains among the most common surgeries and is a possible cause of peritoneal adhesions. The fact that appendectomy can cause adhesions may lead one to think that this may be a relevant risk factor for infertility; however, there is no universal agreement regarding the association between appendectomy and fertility. The aim of this review is to evaluate weather appendectomy may have a relevant impact on female fertility. Methods The search was conducted in PubMed and there was no limitation set on the date of publication. All studies regarding populations of female patients who had undergone appendectomy for inflamed appendix, perforated appendix, or negative appendix between childhood and the end of the reproductive period were included. Results Some authors believe that pelvic surgery can cause adhesions which can potentially lead to tubal infertility by causing tubal obstruction or by altering motility of fimbriae, tubal fluid secretion, and embryo transport. On the other hand, the most recent evidence reported that removal of the appendix seems to be associated with an increased pregnancy rate in large population studies. Conclusion Despite the existence of contrasting opinions concerning fertility after appendectomy, the most recent evidence suggests that appendectomy may actually lead to improved fertility and decreased time to pregnancy. Appendectomy seems to be correlated with improved fertility and higher pregnancy rates.

Download Full-text

Dibutyryl cAMP activates bumetanide-sensitive electrolyte transport in Malpighian tubules

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.3.c521 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (3) ◽

pp. C521-C529 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

J. L. Hegarty ◽

B. Zhang ◽

T. L. Pannabecker ◽

D. H. Petzel ◽

M. D. Baustian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Apical Membrane ◽

Basolateral Membrane ◽

Fluid Secretion ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Malpighian Tubules ◽

Membrane Voltage ◽

Dibutyryl Camp ◽

K Secretion ◽

Transepithelial Voltage

The effects of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) and bumetanide (both 10(-4) M) on transepithelial Na+, K+, Cl-, and fluid secretion and on tubule electrophysiology were studied in isolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Peritubular DBcAMP significantly increased Na+, Cl-, and fluid secretion but decreased K+ secretion. In DBcAMP-stimulated tubules, bumetanide caused Na+, Cl-, and fluid secretion to return to pre-cAMP control rates and K+ secretion to decrease further. Peritubular bumetanide significantly increased Na+ secretion and decreased K+ secretion so that Cl- and fluid secretion did not change. In bumetanide-treated tubules, the secretagogue effects of DBcAMP are blocked. In isolated Malpighian tubules perfused with symmetrical Ringer solution, DBcAMP significantly hyperpolarized the transepithelial voltage (VT) and depolarized the basolateral membrane voltage (Vbl) with no effect on apical membrane voltage (Va). Total transepithelial resistance (RT) and the fractional resistance of the basolateral membrane (fRbl) significantly decreased. Bumetanide also hyperpolarized VT and depolarized Vbl, however without significantly affecting RT and fRbl. Together these results suggest that, in addition to stimulating electroconductive transport, DBcAMP also activates a nonconductive bumetanide-sensitive transport system in Aedes Malpighian tubules.

Download Full-text

Dependence of ion fluxes on fluid transport by rat proximal tubule

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.4.f680 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (4) ◽

pp. F680-F689 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Bomsztyk ◽

F. S. Wright

Keyword(s):

Proximal Tubule ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Water Flux ◽

Fluid Secretion ◽

Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽

Ion Fluxes ◽

Fluid Absorption ◽

Fluid Flux ◽

K Transport

The effects of changes in transepithelial water flux (Jv) on sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium transport by the proximal convoluted tubule were examined by applying a microperfusion technique to surface segments in kidneys of anesthetized rats. Perfusion solutions were prepared with ion concentrations similar to those in fluid normally present in the later parts of the proximal tubule. Osmolality of the perfusate was adjusted with mannitol. With no mannitol in the perfusates, net fluid absorption was observed. Addition of increasing amounts of mannitol first reduced Jv to zero and then reversed net fluid flux. At the maximal rates of fluid absorption, net absorption of Na, Cl, Ca, and K was observed. When Jv was reduced to zero, Na, Cl, and Ca absorption were reduced and K entered the lumen. Na, Cl, and Ca secretion occurred in association with the highest rates of net fluid secretion. The lumen-positive transepithelial potential progressively increased as the net fluid flux was reduced to zero and then reversed. The results demonstrate that changes in net water flux can affect Na, Cl, Ca, and K transport by the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney. These changes in net ion fluxes are not entirely accounted for by changes in bulk-phase transepithelial electrochemical gradients.

Download Full-text