ABSTRACTIntroductionReliable estimates on maternal and child morbidity and mortality are essential for health programs and policies. Data are needed in populations which have the highest burden of disease but also have the least evidence and research, to design and evaluate health interventions to prevent illnesses and deaths that occur worldwide each year.Methods and analysisThe Birhan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) cohort is an open prospective pregnancy and birth cohort nested within the Birhan health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS). An estimated 2500 pregnant women are enrolled each year and followed through pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period. Newborns are followed through two years of life to assess growth and development. Baseline medical data, signs and symptoms, laboratory test results, anthropometrics, and pregnancy and birth outcomes (stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight) are collected from both home and health facility visits. We will calculate the period prevalence and incidence of primary morbidity and mortality outcomes.Ethics and DisseminationThe cohort has received ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated at scientific conferences, peer-reviewed journals, and to relevant stakeholders including the ministry of health.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis cohort collects longitudinal data at multiple time points from pregnancy through birth and childhood in a setting where there are limited data.Data from this study provide estimates for birth outcomes such as stillbirths, preterm birth, and low birth weight.Results will inform risk profiles for maternal, neonatal, and child morbidity and mortality.Similar to all observational studies, there are potential confounders that are unmeasurable.Evidence from this study will support policies and programs to improve maternal and child health.
Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth outcomes: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study
