scholarly journals Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Memarian ◽  
Anastasios N Venetsanopoulos ◽  
Tom Chau
Keyword(s):  
Access Technology ◽  
Thermal Switch

scholarly journals Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Memarian ◽  
Anastasios Venetsanopoulos ◽  
Tom Chau
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
User Performance ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Thermal Switch ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Opening And Closing

Background Recently, a novel single-switch access technology based on infrared thermography was proposed. The technology exploits the temperature differences between the inside and surrounding areas of the mouth as a switch trigger, thereby allowing voluntary switch activation upon mouth opening. However, for this technology to be clinically viable, it must be validated against a gold standard switch, such as a chin switch, that taps into the same voluntary motion. Methods In this study, we report an experiment designed to gauge the concurrent validity of the infrared thermal switch. Ten able-bodied adults participated in a series of 3 test sessions where they simultaneously used both an infrared thermal and conventional chin switch to perform multiple trials of a number identification task with visual, auditory and audiovisual stimuli. Participants also provided qualitative feedback about switch use. User performance with the two switches was quantified using an efficiency measure based on mutual information. Results User performance (p = 0.16) and response time (p = 0.25) with the infrared thermal switch were comparable to those of the gold standard. Users reported preference for the infrared thermal switch given its non-contact nature and robustness to changes in user posture. Conclusions Thermal infrared access technology appears to be a valid single switch alternative for individuals with disabilities who retain voluntary mouth opening and closing.

scholarly journals Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Memarian ◽  
Anastasios Venetsanopoulos ◽  
Tom Chau
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
User Performance ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Thermal Switch ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Opening And Closing

Background Recently, a novel single-switch access technology based on infrared thermography was proposed. The technology exploits the temperature differences between the inside and surrounding areas of the mouth as a switch trigger, thereby allowing voluntary switch activation upon mouth opening. However, for this technology to be clinically viable, it must be validated against a gold standard switch, such as a chin switch, that taps into the same voluntary motion. Methods In this study, we report an experiment designed to gauge the concurrent validity of the infrared thermal switch. Ten able-bodied adults participated in a series of 3 test sessions where they simultaneously used both an infrared thermal and conventional chin switch to perform multiple trials of a number identification task with visual, auditory and audiovisual stimuli. Participants also provided qualitative feedback about switch use. User performance with the two switches was quantified using an efficiency measure based on mutual information. Results User performance (p = 0.16) and response time (p = 0.25) with the infrared thermal switch were comparable to those of the gold standard. Users reported preference for the infrared thermal switch given its non-contact nature and robustness to changes in user posture. Conclusions Thermal infrared access technology appears to be a valid single switch alternative for individuals with disabilities who retain voluntary mouth opening and closing.

Multiple Access using Time Modulated Array with Single RF Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Xu He ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Gaojian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Signal Peak ◽  
Single Radio ◽  
Rf Chain ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Single Rf Chain

Background: A new wireless multiple access technology enabled by using Time Modulated Arrays (TMAs) is proposed in this paper. Methods: It benefits due to the requirement of only a single Radio Frequency (RF) chain, compared with other multiple-RF-chain schemes. Results: As a result, it is able to greatly reduce the system cost, energy consumption, and complexity. Conclusion: In addition, the signal through the single RF chain is narrow-band modulated, reducing the signal Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR), thus, further enhancing the power efficiency of the RF chain, especially for power amplifiers. The operation principle and synthesis approach are elaborated in this paper, and are demonstrated with two examples.

scholarly journals Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7327
Author(s):  
Rajesh Singh ◽  
Anita Gehlot ◽  
Shaik Vaseem Akram ◽  
Lovi Raj Gupta ◽  
Manoj Kumar Jena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cloud Manufacturing ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Access Technology

The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda on sustainable development goals (SDGs) encourages us to implement sustainable infrastructure and services for confronting challenges such as large energy consumption, solid waste generation, depletion of water resources and emission of greenhouse gases in the construction industry. Therefore, to overcome challenges and establishing sustainable construction, there is a requirement to integrate information technology with innovative manufacturing processes and materials science. Moreover, the wide implementation of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in constructing monuments, artistic objects, and residential buildings has gained attention. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud manufacturing (CM), and 3DP allows us to digitalize the construction for providing reliable and digitalized features to the users. In this review article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of implementing the IoT, CM, and 3D printing (3DP) technologies in building constructions for achieving sustainability. The recent convergence research of cloud development and 3D printing (3DP) are being explored in the article by categorizing them into multiple sections including 3D printing resource access technology, 3D printing cloud platform (3D–PCP) service architectures, 3D printing service optimized configuration technology, 3D printing service evaluation technology, and 3D service control and monitoring technology. This paper also examines and analyzes the limitations of existing research and, moreover, the article provides key recommendations such as automation with robotics, predictive analytics in 3DP, eco-friendly 3DP, and 5G technology-based IoT-based CM for future enhancements.

scholarly journals User-Centric Radio Access Technology Selection: A Survey of Game Theory Models and Multi-Agent Learning Algorithms

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Ozgu Alay ◽  
Guido Carlo Ferrante ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Radio Access Technology ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Agent Learning ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Radio Access Technology Selection

scholarly journals A Possible Application of the Contribution of Aromaticity to Entropy: Thermal Switch

Entropy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Romain Coustel ◽  
Stéphane Carniato ◽  
Gérard Boureau
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Switch
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