Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Resource Management, Security, and Challenges

Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC), based on the Edge Computing motivation and fundamentals, is a promising technology supporting Intelligent Transport Systems services, smart city applications, and urban computing. VEC can provide and manage computational resources closer to vehicles and end-users, providing access to services at lower latency and meeting the minimum execution requirements for each service type. This survey describes VEC’s concepts and technologies; we also present an overview of existing VEC architectures, discussing them and exemplifying them through layered designs. Besides, we describe the underlying vehicular communication in supporting resource allocation mechanisms. With the intent to overview the risks, breaches, and measures in VEC, we review related security approaches and methods. Finally, we conclude this survey work with an overview and study of VEC’s main challenges. Unlike other surveys in which they are focused on content caching and data offloading, this work proposes a taxonomy based on the architectures in which VEC serves as the central element. VEC supports such architectures in capturing and disseminating data and resources to offer services aimed at a smart city through their aggregation and the allocation in a secure manner.

STRUCTURE OF THE STREET ROAD NETWORK IN THE FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

The road network constitutes the main part of the transport system for both passenger and freight traffic. Achieving a sustainable road transport system including multimodal terminals, autonomous vehicles, intelligent transport systems, infrastructure are considered to be important design areas. The efficient use of the transport system is essential in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for optimizing the transportation process

CZECH NATIONAL STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND LINKED ACTIVITIES

The article presents topical news on intelligent transport systems policy, strategy, and linked activities in the Czech Republic. It introduces historical background, relation to other documents, and current development in 2021. The Strategy of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems 2021-2027 with a View to 2050 (in force since January 2021) is the core document. The strategy is introduced by its context, methodology and structure of the content. Focus on coming years is included in this article, too: essential support for the ITS policy brings the online ITS Library (https://www.its-knihovna.cz), a knowledge database, described here with its certain parts and space for supportive tools. The tools enable to manage information on implementation progress, selected progress indicators and monitoring of ITS data quality, expressed by data conformance testing and publishing. The conclusion chapter gives a general overview on implementation of the Strategy and the ITS Library in the future.

Predictive Model of Multipath Effect Contribution to GNSS Positioning Error for GNSS-based Applications in Transport and Telecommunications

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based applications rely on the quality of the GNSS position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services, accomplished through measurement and processing of satellite signals propagation characteristics in a process commonly known as satellite navigation. GNSS positioning performance is in the foundation of the quality of service of GNSS-based applications including the growing number of them in transport, traffic and Intelligent Transport Systems segments, thus a need for a common and independent approach. Here, we propose a novel method for the assessment of the contribution of a single cause to the over-all GNSS positioning error. Proposed method is demonstrated in the case of the GNSS multipath effects, resulting with the experimental predictive model of the direct multipath contribution to GNSS positioning error. The predictive models developed in this research is aimed at deployment in the GNSS positioning performance assessment for GNSS-based applications in transport and telecommunications.