scholarly journals Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal an antiviral role of autophagy during pepper mild mottle virus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubing Jiao ◽  
Mengnan An ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Man Yu ◽  
Xiuxiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Rna Accumulation ◽  
Antiviral Role ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract Background Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a member in the genus Tobamovirus and infects mainly solanaceous plants. However, the mechanism of virus-host interactions remains unclear. To explore the responses of pepper plants to PMMoV infection, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in pepper plants after PMMoV infection using a high-throughput RNA sequencing approach and explored the roles of host autophagy in regulating PMMoV infection. Results A total of 197 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after PMMoV infection, including 172 significantly up-regulated genes and 25 down-regulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that most up-regulated DEGs were involved in plant abiotic and biotic stresses. Further analyses showed the expressions of multiple autophagy-related genes (ATGs) were increased after PMMoV infection in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Through confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we have found that PMMoV infection in plant can induce autophagy, evidenced by the increased number of GFP-ATG8a fluorescent punctate and the appearance of double membrane autophagic structures in cells of N. benthamiana. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy significantly increased PMMoV RNA accumulation and aggravated systemic PMMoV symptoms through autophagy inhibitor (3-MA and E64d) treatment and silencing of NbATG expressions by a Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing assays. These results indicated that autophagy played a positive role in plant resistance to PMMoV infection. Conclusions Taken together, our results provide a transcriptomic insight into pepper responding to PMMoV infection and reveal that autophagy induced by PMMoV infection has an antiviral role in regulating PMMoV infection. These results also help us to better understand the mechanism controlling PMMoV infection in plants and to develop better strategies for breeding projects for virus-resistant crops.

A single residue in the 126-kDa protein of pepper mild mottle virus controls the severity of symptoms on infected green bell pepper plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. U. Ichiki ◽  
E. N. Nagaoka ◽  
K. Hagiwara ◽  
T. Sasaya ◽  
T. Omura
Keyword(s):  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Plants

scholarly journals Tobamoviruses of two new species trigger resistance in pepper plants harbouring functional L alleles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson B. Vélez-Olmedo ◽  
Cesar E. Fribourg ◽  
Fernando L. Melo ◽  
Tatsuya Nagata ◽  
Athos S. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Contact ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
Cdna Fragments ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Pepper Plants

Tobamoviruses are often referred to as the most notorious viral pathogens of pepper crops. These viruses are not transmitted by invertebrate vectors, but rather by physical contact and seeds. In this study, pepper plants displaying mild mottle and mosaic symptoms were sampled in four different regions of Peru. Upon double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) tests, seven samples cross-reacted weakly with antibodies against pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), suggesting the presence of tobamoviruses. When employing RT-PCR, conserved primers amplified cDNA fragments of viruses from two putative new tobamovirus species in the samples. The complete genome of two representative isolates were, therefore, sequenced and analysed in silico. These viruses, which were tentatively named yellow pepper mild mottle virus (YPMMoV) and chilli pepper mild mottle virus (CPMMoV), shared highest nucleotide genome sequence identities of 83 and 85 % with bell pepper mottle virus (BpeMV), respectively. Mechanical inoculation of indicator plants with YPMMoV and CPMMoV isolates did not show any obvious differences in host ranges. These viruses were also inoculated mechanically on pepper plants harbouring different resistance L alleles to determine their pathotypes. Pepper plants carrying unfunctional L alleles (L 0) to tobamoviruses were infected by all isolates and presented differential symptomatology for YPMMoV and CPMMoV. On the other hand, pepper plants carrying L 1, L 2, L 3 and L 4 alleles were resistant to all isolates, indicating that these viruses belong to pathotype P0.

Pepper mild mottle virus isolates from Peru induce severe symptoms in susceptible pepper plants and belong to the P1,2 pathotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson B. Vélez-Olmedo ◽  
Cesar E. Fribourg ◽  
Fernando L. Melo ◽  
Tatsuya Nagata ◽  
Athos S. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Pepper Plants

Variability and evolution of the plant RNA virus pepper mild mottle virus.

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 2198-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rodríguez-Cerezo ◽  
A Moya ◽  
F García-Arenal
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

scholarly journals The coat protein of tobamovirus acts as elicitor of both L 2 and L 4 gene-mediated resistance in Capsicum

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 2077-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gilardi ◽  
I. García-Luque ◽  
M. T. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Glucuronidase Reporter ◽  
Capsicum Chacoense

In Capsicum, the resistance conferred by the L 2 gene is effective against all of the pepper-infecting tobamoviruses except Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), whereas that conferred by the L 4 gene is effective against them all. These resistances are expressed by a hypersensitive response, manifested through the formation of necrotic local lesions (NLLs) at the primary site of infection. The Capsicum L 2 gene confers resistance to Paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV), while the L 4 gene is effective against both PaMMV and PMMoV. The PaMMV and PMMoV coat proteins (CPs) were expressed in Capsicum frutescens (L 2 L 2) and Capsicum chacoense (L 4 L 4) plants using the heterologous Potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system. In C. frutescens (L 2 L 2) plants, the chimeric PVX virus containing the PaMMV CP was localized in the inoculated leaves and produced NLLs, whereas the chimeric PVX containing the PMMoV CP infected the plants systemically. Thus, the data indicated that the PaMMV CP is the only tobamovirus factor required for the induction of the host response mediated by the Capsicum L 2 resistance gene. In C. chacoense (L 4 L 4) plants, both chimeric viruses were localized to the inoculated leaves and produced NLLs, indicating that either PaMMV or PMMoV CPs are required to elicit the L 4 gene-mediated host response. In addition, transient expression of PaMMV CP into C. frutescens (L 2 L 2) leaves and PMMoV CP into C. chacoense (L 4 L 4) leaves by biolistic co-bombardment with a β-glucuronidase reporter gene led to the induction of cell death and the expression of host defence genes in both hosts. Thus, the tobamovirus CP is the elicitor of the Capsicum L 2 and L 4 gene-mediated hypersensitive response.

scholarly journals Elimination of pepper mild mottle virus from infected tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana L.) plants by callus culture and the sieving technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kwon ◽  
Md. Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Hong Wei Wang ◽  
Thirupathi Karuppanapandian ◽  
Jun-Cheol Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Infected Tobacco

scholarly journals Pepper mild mottle virus as a water quality indicator

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kitajima ◽  
Hannah P. Sassi ◽  
Jason R. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Water Quality Indicator

scholarly journals Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Coat Protein Alone Can Elicit the Capsicum spp. L3 Gene-Mediated Resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gilardi ◽  
I. García-Luque ◽  
M. T. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Virus Coat

The pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-S) (an L3 hypersensitive response [HR]-inducer strain) coat protein was expressed in Capsicum chinense (L3L3) plants with the heterologous potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system. The chimeric virus was localized in the inoculated leaves and induced the HR, thus indicating that the tobamoviral sequences that affect induction of the HR conferred by the L3 resistance gene reside in the coat protein gene. Furthermore, transient expression of the PMMoV-S coat protein in C. chinense leaves by biolistic co-bombardment with a plasmid expressing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene leads to the induction of cell death and expression of host defense genes. Thus, the coat protein of PMMoV-S is the elicitor of the Capsicum spp. L3 resistance gene-mediated HR.

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